【摘要】： 本文研究中印海上安全觀與海上安全戰(zhàn)略、中印在海上安全領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的分歧及合作。 本文認為,首先,中印兩國在海上安全范疇內(nèi)擁有很多可以比較的相似之處。中印兩國都曾是極其富強的文明古國,創(chuàng)造了燦爛的,影響深遠的文化。在地緣環(huán)境上,都屬于陸海復(fù)合型國家,海洋對于古代的中印來說長期處于和平的狀態(tài),并作為一種地緣隔絕而存在。而在近代,中印都經(jīng)歷了主權(quán)的淪喪,安全威脅與入侵都來自海上。在現(xiàn)代,中印海上安全觀的重建都與國家的重新崛起緊密相連,海上安全戰(zhàn)略都與國家安全戰(zhàn)略密切相關(guān)。但由于地緣環(huán)境的不同、構(gòu)成海上安全內(nèi)容的不同、地區(qū)安全結(jié)構(gòu)的不同,中印海上安全觀與海上安全戰(zhàn)略在近幾十年的發(fā)展中產(chǎn)生了很大的差異,這種差異將進一步影響中印海上安全環(huán)境的構(gòu)建。本文對中印過去的類同與現(xiàn)今的差異進行了比較研究,揭示了這種同與不同的原因、可能帶來的影響。 其次,目前中印海上安全關(guān)注的范圍大致都在亞太地區(qū)及印度洋地區(qū)。印度意在印度洋地區(qū)實施“印度之洋”的印度洋控制戰(zhàn)略,在亞太地區(qū)實施“東向政策”。在印度洋地區(qū),印度在力所能的控制范圍內(nèi)提防區(qū)內(nèi)國家與中國過多接觸,或?qū)χ袊c這些國家間的關(guān)系進行平衡。在亞太地區(qū),印度努力發(fā)展與美國、東盟、日本、韓國、澳大利亞的關(guān)系,希望在亞太地區(qū)安全結(jié)構(gòu)中占據(jù)一定位置,而亞太國家也對印度的介入持一定的歡迎態(tài)度。中國在亞太地區(qū)由于存在領(lǐng)土與主權(quán)糾紛,并面臨島鏈的封鎖,故此在海上安全戰(zhàn)略的安排上非常審慎,以大局為重,以保持海上安全現(xiàn)狀為基礎(chǔ),力圖在防御中有所突破。在印度洋地區(qū),中國以海上交通線與能源安全為要,保護海上交通安全,發(fā)展與沿岸國家的友好關(guān)系,在其中一些國家建立港口、鋪設(shè)管道,以保障海上能源安全。中國在印度洋上的安全政策觸及了印度的敏感神經(jīng),印度將中國此舉視為中國在構(gòu)筑針對印度的包圍圈,當(dāng)然,印度的反應(yīng)也可看做是一種虛張聲勢,目的是為了在博弈中獲得更高的籌碼。對對方的安全政策,中印雙方基本保持了理性與克制。 雖然存在不少的分歧點,中印兩國在海上安全上依然擁有廣闊的合作空間。尤其是在非傳統(tǒng)安全領(lǐng)域內(nèi)有著較大的合作前景。如反恐、打擊海盜活動、反有組織犯罪、聯(lián)合救災(zāi)等。最后,本文提出了設(shè)想:構(gòu)建一個由中印主導(dǎo)的地區(qū)海上安全合作機制。該設(shè)想旨在建立中印間的固定信息交流機制,消除彼此間的戰(zhàn)略誤讀,逐步建立信心,最終達成機制性的安全合作。該合作機制同時保持多邊性與開放性,以消除周邊國家疑慮,最終形成地區(qū)性的安全合作機制。當(dāng)然,要建立這樣一個合作機制,將會受到各種因素的牽制,困難將非常大,但仍不失為中印彼此消除疑慮,未來在海上安全領(lǐng)域內(nèi)進行合作的一種戰(zhàn)略選擇。
[Abstract]:This paper studies the maritime security concept and maritime security strategy between China and India, and the differences and cooperation between China and India in the field of maritime security. First of all, there are many comparable similarities between China and India in maritime security. Both China and India were very rich and powerful ancient civilizations, creating brilliant, far-reaching culture. In the geographical environment, all belong to the land and sea complex countries, the sea for ancient China and India for a long time in a state of peace, and as a geographical isolation and exist. In modern times, China and India experienced the loss of sovereignty, security threats and incursions came from the sea. In modern times, the reconstruction of maritime security concept between China and India is closely related to the re-emergence of the country, and the maritime security strategy is closely related to the national security strategy. However, due to the different geographical environment, the different contents of maritime security and the different regional security structure, the maritime security concept and maritime security strategy between China and India have been greatly different in recent decades. This difference will further affect the construction of maritime security environment between China and India. This paper makes a comparative study of the differences between China and India in the past and today, and reveals the possible influence of the similarities and differences. Second, China and India are concerned about maritime security in the Asia-Pacific region and the Indian Ocean region. India intends to carry out the Indian Ocean control strategy of "Indian Ocean" in the Indian Ocean region and to implement the "eastward Policy" in the Asia-Pacific region. In the Indian Ocean region, India is within its control to guard against excessive contact or balance between China and the countries in the region. In the Asia-Pacific region, India strives to develop relations with the United States, ASEAN, Japan, South Korea, and Australia, hoping to occupy a certain position in the security structure of the Asia-Pacific region, and the Asia-Pacific countries also have a certain welcome attitude towards India's involvement. Due to the existence of territorial and sovereignty disputes and the blockade of the island chain in the Asia-Pacific region, China is very cautious in the arrangement of maritime security strategy, taking the overall situation as the most important and maintaining the status quo of maritime security as the basis, and tries hard to make a breakthrough in defense. In the Indian Ocean region, China regards maritime transportation and energy security as its main task, protecting maritime traffic safety, developing friendly relations with coastal countries, and establishing ports and laying pipelines in some of these countries to ensure maritime energy security. China's security policy in the Indian Ocean has touched the sensitive nerve of India, which sees China's move as an encirclement against India, and of course India's response can also be seen as a bluff. The aim is to gain higher stakes in the game. On the other side's security policy, China and India have basically maintained rationality and restraint. Although there are many divergences, China and India still have wide scope for cooperation on maritime security. Especially in the field of non-traditional security has a greater prospect of cooperation. Such as anti-terrorism, anti-piracy, anti-organized crime, joint disaster relief and so on. Finally, this paper proposes a tentative idea: to construct a regional maritime security cooperation mechanism dominated by China and India. The purpose of this idea is to establish a fixed information exchange mechanism between China and India, to eliminate the strategic misreading between China and India, to gradually build up confidence, and finally to achieve institutional security cooperation. The cooperation mechanism should be multilateral and open so as to remove the doubts of neighboring countries and finally form a regional security cooperation mechanism. Of course, the establishment of such a cooperative mechanism will be constrained by various factors, and the difficulties will be very great, but it will still be a strategic choice for China and India to remove their doubts and cooperate in the field of maritime security in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D822.3

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張海譽;中印邊界安全問題研究[D];山東師范大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：2373290