【摘要】： 歷史上,英國(guó)曾禮遇過(guò)猶太人,但也推行過(guò)不利于猶太人的政策。1948年以色列建國(guó)后,雙方關(guān)系開始上升到國(guó)家層面。在1973年雙方關(guān)系漸行漸遠(yuǎn)之前,英以關(guān)系一波三折。鑒于國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)術(shù)界還沒有人對(duì)1948至1973年之間的英以關(guān)系進(jìn)行過(guò)系統(tǒng)研究,本文將通過(guò)對(duì)此期間英以關(guān)系的研究,意在弄清英以關(guān)系的演變軌跡,揭示英以關(guān)系的實(shí)質(zhì),把握英以關(guān)系的特點(diǎn)及規(guī)律。 以色列建國(guó)以前,猶太人和英國(guó)人既有過(guò)友好的交往,也有過(guò)敵對(duì)的經(jīng)歷。英國(guó)曾對(duì)本國(guó)猶太人出臺(tái)了一些友好政策,但也曾驅(qū)逐本土上的猶太人。一戰(zhàn)后,英國(guó)一度支持猶太復(fù)國(guó)主義運(yùn)動(dòng),但1939年后又轉(zhuǎn)而限制猶太人向巴勒斯坦移民。雙方在歷史上的這種經(jīng)歷為后來(lái)兩國(guó)關(guān)系的演變產(chǎn)生了較大影響。 以色列建國(guó)后的1948年至1958年期間,英以關(guān)系處于低迷時(shí)期。雙方關(guān)系的主要特點(diǎn)就是冷漠乃至敵對(duì),特別是在軍售問(wèn)題上,英國(guó)對(duì)以色列的各種武器要求往往斷然加以拒絕。但從1958年到1967年6月“六天戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”爆發(fā)前這段時(shí)間,英以共度了一個(gè)友好時(shí)期。英國(guó)向以色列提供了大量軍火,而且,在“六天戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”前夕英國(guó)還一度放棄在阿以問(wèn)題上的低調(diào)姿態(tài),公開支持以色列。然而,好景不長(zhǎng)。第三次中東戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)后,英國(guó)遭到阿拉伯國(guó)家的種種制裁。為擺脫制裁,英國(guó)開始調(diào)整對(duì)以政策,致使英以關(guān)系不斷降溫,相互攻訐。六天戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后,英以關(guān)系達(dá)到了50年代中期以來(lái)兩國(guó)關(guān)系的最低點(diǎn)。 第三次中東戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后,英以關(guān)系的急劇惡化除了政治因素外,還有著復(fù)雜的經(jīng)濟(jì)背景。就經(jīng)濟(jì)背景而言,石油禁運(yùn)、蘇伊士運(yùn)河的關(guān)閉以及外匯儲(chǔ)備的撤走是影響英國(guó)對(duì)以政策的三個(gè)重要因素。 需要指出的是,第三次中東戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后的十年里,英以關(guān)系雖日益惡化,但兩國(guó)之間仍保持著一定的軍火貿(mào)易往來(lái)。1973年后,伴隨著英國(guó)在中東影響力進(jìn)一步下降以及加入歐共體后英國(guó)外交逐步被納入歐共體框架,英以兩國(guó)在彼此眼中的戰(zhàn)略價(jià)值急劇下降,因而雙方關(guān)系漸行漸遠(yuǎn),其對(duì)中東國(guó)際關(guān)系的影響也已大打折扣。 透過(guò)錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的英以關(guān)系的表象,我們可以得出一些啟示或規(guī)律。首先,英以關(guān)系的演變與英以兩國(guó)尤其是英國(guó)的中東乃至全球戰(zhàn)略密切相關(guān)。其次,盡管英以關(guān)系的實(shí)質(zhì)是利益之爭(zhēng),但觀念因素同樣不容忽視。最后,英以雙邊關(guān)系的發(fā)展與英以特別是以色列自身實(shí)力的變化存有較大關(guān)聯(lián)。
[Abstract]:Historically, Britain has courteously treated Jews, but also pursued policies against Jews. After the founding of Israel in 1948, relations between the two countries began to rise to the national level. Relations between Britain and Israel were twists and turns before the end of 1973. In view of the fact that there has been no systematic study on the relationship between Britain and Israel between 1948 and 1973 in domestic academic circles, this paper intends to clarify the evolution of the relationship between Britain and Israel through the study of the relationship between Britain and Israel during this period, and to reveal the essence of the relationship between Britain and Israel. Grasp the characteristics and laws of the relationship between Britain and Israel. Before Israel was founded, Jews and Britons had both friendly exchanges and hostile experiences. Britain has adopted some friendly policies towards its own Jews, but it has also expelled native Jews. After World War I, Britain supported the Zionist movement, but in 1939 it turned to restricting Jewish immigration to Palestine. The historical experience of both sides had a great influence on the evolution of the relations between the two countries. Between 1948 and 1958, after the founding of Israel, British-Israeli relations were in a doldrums. The main feature of the relationship is apathy and even hostility, especially when it comes to arms sales, and British demands for Israeli weapons are often flatly rejected. But between 1958 and June 1967, before the six-Day War broke out, Britain and Israel spent a period of friendship. Britain has supplied a lot of arms to Israel and, on the eve of the six-day war, has given up its low-key stance on the Arab-Israeli issue and publicly supported Israel. However, the good times are not long. After the third Middle East War, Britain was subjected to various Arab sanctions. In order to get rid of the sanctions, Britain began to adjust its policy toward Israel, which caused the relations between Britain and Israel to keep cooling and attacking each other. After the six-day war, British-Israeli relations reached their lowest point since the mid-1950s. After the third Middle East War, the rapid deterioration of British-Israeli relations, besides political factors, also has a complex economic background. In terms of economic background, the oil embargo, the closure of the Suez Canal and the withdrawal of foreign exchange reserves are three important factors affecting British policy towards Israel. It should be pointed out that in the ten years since the third Middle East War, although relations between Britain and Israel have deteriorated day by day, there has been a certain amount of arms trade between the two countries. After 1973, With the further decline of British influence in the Middle East and the gradual integration of British diplomacy into the framework of the European Community after joining the European Community, the strategic value of the two countries in the eyes of each other has declined sharply, and the relationship between the two sides has gradually gone further and further. Its impact on international relations in the Middle East has also been greatly compromised. Through the intricate appearance of Anglo-Israeli relations, we can draw some revelations or laws. First of all, the evolution of British-Israeli relations is closely related to the two countries, especially the Middle East and even the global strategy of Britain. Second, although the essence of British-Israeli relations is a dispute over interests, the concept factor should not be ignored. Finally, the development of bilateral relations between Britain and Israel is closely related to the change of its own strength, especially that of Israel.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D856.1;D838.2

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