反恐怖主義融資刑事政策研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-29 13:37
【摘要】：恐怖主義與傳統(tǒng)的犯罪不同,其產生于宗教、民族、政治和意識形態(tài)等復雜與難以消除的原因。有鑒于此,傳統(tǒng)的打擊犯罪的路徑對于恐怖主義爆炸、投毒或自殺式爆炸等活動似乎并不可行。2001年發(fā)生了針對美國本土的“9·11”事件,造成了約3000人遇難,在這之后,美國為了對此次恐怖主義襲擊進行報復,于2001年10月發(fā)動了阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭,然而這場報復性的戰(zhàn)爭非但未能有效打擊恐怖主義,反而使得恐怖主義活動在這之后產生巨大的轉變,更多地轉向分散、多樣、間隔時間短的中小型恐怖主義襲擊,而恐怖集團也更加智能化。有關恐怖主義襲擊的數據表明,自2005年開始恐怖主義襲擊從數量和手段都迅速增長。 從恐怖集團的本質上說,其與一般的有組織犯罪集團有相類似之處,有組織犯罪集團,特別是跨國有組織犯罪集團,一般由不同種族和背景的個體和小集團構成,有組織犯罪集團同時具有龐大的社會關系網,并且涉及多種合法的商業(yè)行為以及犯罪,集中在“毒品、賣淫、色情、賭博以及放高利貸”’,這些犯罪行為都需要保證資金的融通,同樣的,恐怖組織之所以可以頻繁和有效的實施恐怖襲擊,亦取決于其能夠確保資金融通的能力,因而如果缺乏暢通以及良好運作的資金融通渠道和平臺,恐怖主義活動則無法實施。并且,隨著金融體系的發(fā)展,恐怖組織轉而尋求更加多元化的融資渠道和平臺恐怖組織不僅通過合法的國際金融機構,恐怖組織也同時利用快速發(fā)展的其他金融系統(tǒng)和機制進行融資以支持其恐怖活動。本文從主要從恐怖主義在歷史發(fā)展中展現(xiàn)的特點,融資在恐怖主義活動中的角色,并且通過對比反洗錢在控制犯罪中的作用和效果探討反恐怖主義融資在刑事政策調整理論和實踐基礎,全文分為四章： 第一章,恐怖主義概述。本章依次分析了恐怖主義的定義、產生的原因和發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,得出恐怖主義的有別與一般刑法所討論的犯罪以及有組織犯罪的區(qū)別。并分析了傳統(tǒng)反恐措施產生的效果和不足之處,從而指出反恐刑事政策的變通方向。 第二章,融資對恐怖主義發(fā)展的影響。本章主要分析恐怖主義融資的表現(xiàn)形式、融資平臺,總結恐怖主義融資的特點,分析反恐融資刑事政策的著力點。 第三章,反洗錢對于打擊犯罪的意義。本章主要討論了洗錢的定義、歷史沿革及反洗錢作為打擊犯罪的手段的理論依據,及在毒品犯罪中已經取得的效果,為論證將借鑒反洗錢作為打擊當代恐怖主義犯罪手段之一的合理性提供理論和實踐依據。 第四章,反恐怖主義融資刑事政策的調整方向。本章首先概述了全球針對恐怖主義融資已經采取的方式,其次對現(xiàn)代的主要犯罪進行劃分,從而推論出打擊犯罪的幾種傳統(tǒng)路徑,最后在對比傳統(tǒng)反洗錢路徑的基礎上,得出對打擊恐怖主義融資應當適用的刑事政策的理論依據和具體方式。
[Abstract]:Terrorism is different from traditional crime, it comes from religious, ethnic, political and ideological complex and difficult to eliminate. In view of this, the traditional way of fighting crime does not seem feasible for activities such as terrorist bombings, poisoning or suicide bombings. After the "9 / 11" attack on the United States in 2001, which killed about 3000 people, In retaliation for the terrorist attack, the United States launched the war in Afghanistan in October 2001. However, this retaliatory war has not been effective in combating terrorism, but has made a huge change in terrorist activities after that. There is a greater shift to small and medium-sized terrorist attacks that are dispersed, diverse and short-spaced, and terrorist groups are more intelligent. Data on terrorist attacks show a rapid increase in the number and means of terrorist attacks since 2005. By their very nature, terrorist groups are similar to organized criminal groups in general, and organized criminal groups, in particular transnational organized criminal groups, are generally composed of individuals and small groups of different races and backgrounds, Organized criminal groups also have large social networks and involve a wide range of legitimate business practices and crimes, concentrated in "drugs, prostitution, pornography, gambling and usury", These criminal acts all need to ensure the financing, and similarly, the ability of terrorist organizations to carry out frequent and effective terrorist attacks depends on their ability to ensure that funds are financed. Thus, terrorism cannot be carried out without unimpeded and well-functioning financing channels and platforms. And with the development of the financial system, terrorist organizations have turned to more diversified financing channels and platforms, not only through legitimate international financial institutions, Terrorist organizations also use rapidly developing other financial systems and mechanisms to finance their terrorist activities. This paper focuses on the role of financing in terrorist activities, mainly in terms of the characteristics that terrorism has shown in its historical development. By comparing the role and effect of anti-money laundering in crime control, this paper discusses the theoretical and practical basis of anti-terrorist financing in the adjustment of criminal policy. The full text is divided into four chapters: chapter one, Overview of terrorism. This chapter analyzes the definition of terrorism, the causes and the development of terrorism in turn, and draws the difference between terrorism and the crime discussed in general criminal law as well as the difference between organized crime and terrorism. It also analyzes the effect and deficiency of traditional anti-terrorism measures, and points out the alternative direction of anti-terrorism criminal policy. Chapter two, the influence of financing on the development of terrorism. This chapter mainly analyzes the manifestations of terrorist financing, financing platform, summarizes the characteristics of terrorist financing, and analyzes the focus of the criminal policy of anti-terrorism financing. Chapter three, the significance of anti-money laundering to fight crime. This chapter mainly discusses the definition of money laundering, the history of money laundering, the theoretical basis of anti-money laundering as a means to combat crime, and the effect that has been achieved in drug crimes. It provides theoretical and practical basis for demonstrating the rationality of anti-money laundering as one of the criminal means to combat terrorism. Chapter four, the adjustment direction of the criminal policy of anti-terrorism financing. This chapter firstly summarizes the methods that the world has taken to deal with the financing of terrorism, secondly classifies the main modern crimes, and then deduces several traditional ways to combat crime. Finally, on the basis of contrasting the traditional anti-money laundering path, The theoretical basis and specific way of criminal policy should be applied to counter terrorist financing.
【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D815.5
本文編號：2365136
[Abstract]:Terrorism is different from traditional crime, it comes from religious, ethnic, political and ideological complex and difficult to eliminate. In view of this, the traditional way of fighting crime does not seem feasible for activities such as terrorist bombings, poisoning or suicide bombings. After the "9 / 11" attack on the United States in 2001, which killed about 3000 people, In retaliation for the terrorist attack, the United States launched the war in Afghanistan in October 2001. However, this retaliatory war has not been effective in combating terrorism, but has made a huge change in terrorist activities after that. There is a greater shift to small and medium-sized terrorist attacks that are dispersed, diverse and short-spaced, and terrorist groups are more intelligent. Data on terrorist attacks show a rapid increase in the number and means of terrorist attacks since 2005. By their very nature, terrorist groups are similar to organized criminal groups in general, and organized criminal groups, in particular transnational organized criminal groups, are generally composed of individuals and small groups of different races and backgrounds, Organized criminal groups also have large social networks and involve a wide range of legitimate business practices and crimes, concentrated in "drugs, prostitution, pornography, gambling and usury", These criminal acts all need to ensure the financing, and similarly, the ability of terrorist organizations to carry out frequent and effective terrorist attacks depends on their ability to ensure that funds are financed. Thus, terrorism cannot be carried out without unimpeded and well-functioning financing channels and platforms. And with the development of the financial system, terrorist organizations have turned to more diversified financing channels and platforms, not only through legitimate international financial institutions, Terrorist organizations also use rapidly developing other financial systems and mechanisms to finance their terrorist activities. This paper focuses on the role of financing in terrorist activities, mainly in terms of the characteristics that terrorism has shown in its historical development. By comparing the role and effect of anti-money laundering in crime control, this paper discusses the theoretical and practical basis of anti-terrorist financing in the adjustment of criminal policy. The full text is divided into four chapters: chapter one, Overview of terrorism. This chapter analyzes the definition of terrorism, the causes and the development of terrorism in turn, and draws the difference between terrorism and the crime discussed in general criminal law as well as the difference between organized crime and terrorism. It also analyzes the effect and deficiency of traditional anti-terrorism measures, and points out the alternative direction of anti-terrorism criminal policy. Chapter two, the influence of financing on the development of terrorism. This chapter mainly analyzes the manifestations of terrorist financing, financing platform, summarizes the characteristics of terrorist financing, and analyzes the focus of the criminal policy of anti-terrorism financing. Chapter three, the significance of anti-money laundering to fight crime. This chapter mainly discusses the definition of money laundering, the history of money laundering, the theoretical basis of anti-money laundering as a means to combat crime, and the effect that has been achieved in drug crimes. It provides theoretical and practical basis for demonstrating the rationality of anti-money laundering as one of the criminal means to combat terrorism. Chapter four, the adjustment direction of the criminal policy of anti-terrorism financing. This chapter firstly summarizes the methods that the world has taken to deal with the financing of terrorism, secondly classifies the main modern crimes, and then deduces several traditional ways to combat crime. Finally, on the basis of contrasting the traditional anti-money laundering path, The theoretical basis and specific way of criminal policy should be applied to counter terrorist financing.
【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D815.5
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