【摘要】：法國作為西方傳統(tǒng)大國之一,國力長期處于世界前列,長期以來法國都在國際體系中處于重要地位,在國際社會(huì)中發(fā)揮著重要作用。因而,法國的外交政策也令世人關(guān)注。非洲在法國外交當(dāng)中居于核心地位,是法國外交支柱之一,也是法國外交優(yōu)先行動(dòng)的方向。自法國殖民非洲開始到現(xiàn)今,法國與非洲國家一直保持著非常密切的關(guān)系。一直以來,作為貧窮、落后和混亂的非洲,長期被國際社會(huì)冷落。然而隨著全球化的日益發(fā)展以及非洲自身的聯(lián)合自強(qiáng),非洲大陸逐漸顯示出自身的活力和潛力,令世界矚目,大國勢(shì)力競相涌入非洲引發(fā)激烈的角逐。法國在非洲保持著強(qiáng)大的影響力,特別是在法語非洲更是占據(jù)著壟斷性的地位,法國將保持在非洲的影響力視為自己的國家利益。新世紀(jì)以來無論是希拉克還是薩科齊都無一例外的將法非關(guān)系置于優(yōu)先的地位,適應(yīng)于全球化的發(fā)展和非洲形勢(shì)的變化,采取新的非洲政策,目的都在于鞏固法國在非洲的傳統(tǒng)優(yōu)勢(shì),擴(kuò)大法國在非洲的影響。 新世紀(jì)法國對(duì)非外交面臨著復(fù)雜的國內(nèi)外環(huán)境,法國在非洲地位受到其它國家的沖擊。一方面,法國與美國在非洲爭奪激烈,法國在非洲的影響在逐漸縮小,另一方面由于中國等新興國家在非洲影響的擴(kuò)大,法國地位受到挑戰(zhàn)。此外法國國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長緩慢,對(duì)非投入受到制約,國內(nèi)社會(huì)形勢(shì)的變化也在一定程度上影響法國與非洲的關(guān)系。 為了保持法國在非洲的影響,法國在新世紀(jì)不斷的調(diào)整對(duì)非外交政策。政治上,法國倡導(dǎo)與非洲國家建立新型伙伴關(guān)系,改變以前法非間的不平等關(guān)系；經(jīng)濟(jì)上,加強(qiáng)與非洲國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)合作,積極開拓非洲市場(chǎng),加強(qiáng)對(duì)非援助；軍事上減少對(duì)非洲國家的軍事干預(yù),調(diào)整與非洲國家的軍事防務(wù)合作,借助非洲國家與聯(lián)合國維護(hù)非洲和平；文化上,利用法非歷史與語言的有利條件積極發(fā)展法非關(guān)系,等等。 法國調(diào)整對(duì)非外交政策產(chǎn)生了多方面的影響。對(duì)法國而言,可以減輕經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān),改善法非關(guān)系,增強(qiáng)法國在非洲的影響；而對(duì)非洲而言,法國減少對(duì)非內(nèi)部事務(wù)的干預(yù),非洲國家可以獲得更大的自主空間,減輕外部壓力,非洲國家可以更加平等與法國交往。此外,法國調(diào)整對(duì)非外交政策對(duì)非洲的大國競爭來說增加了新的變數(shù),大國關(guān)系將更加復(fù)雜化。
[Abstract]:France, as one of the western traditional powers, has been in the forefront of the world for a long time. For a long time, France has been in an important position in the international system and plays an important role in the international community. As a result, France's foreign policy is also of concern. Africa is at the core of French diplomacy, one of the pillars of French diplomacy, and also the priority direction of French diplomacy. France has maintained very close relations with African countries since France colonized Africa. Africa, as a poor, backward and chaotic Africa, has long been neglected by the international community. However, with the development of globalization and Africa's self-strengthening, the African continent gradually shows its vitality and potential, which attracts the attention of the world, and the influx of great powers into Africa leads to fierce competition. France maintains a strong influence in Africa, especially in French-speaking Africa, and regards it as its national interest to maintain its influence in Africa. Since the new century, neither Chirac nor Sarkozy has, without exception, given priority to Franco-African relations, adapted to the development of globalization and changes in the African situation, and adopted a new African policy. The aim is to consolidate France's traditional advantage in Africa and expand its influence in Africa. In the new century, France is facing complicated domestic and international environment for its diplomacy to Africa, and its status in Africa has been challenged by other countries. On the one hand, France competes fiercely with the United States in Africa, France's influence in Africa is gradually shrinking, on the other hand, France's position is challenged by the expanding influence of China and other emerging countries in Africa. In addition, the domestic economic growth of France is slow, the input to Africa is restricted, and the changes of the domestic social situation also affect the relationship between France and Africa to a certain extent. In order to maintain the influence of France in Africa, France constantly adjusts its foreign policy to Africa in the new century. Politically, France advocates the establishment of a new partnership with African countries to change the previous unequal relations between France and Africa, and economically, to strengthen economic cooperation with African countries, actively open up African markets and strengthen aid to Africa; To reduce military intervention in African countries, adjust military defense cooperation with African countries, and help African countries and the United Nations to maintain peace in Africa; In culture, the positive development of the non-relationship between law and language is based on the advantage of language and the history of law-non-history. The French adjustment has had many effects on non-foreign policy. For France, it can reduce the economic burden, improve the relations between France and Africa, and enhance France's influence in Africa. For Africa, with less intervention in non-internal affairs, African countries can gain greater autonomy and relieve external pressure, and African countries can engage with France more equally. In addition, the adjustment of France's foreign policy towards Africa has added new variables to Africa's competition for big powers, and the relations between big powers will be more complicated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D856.5

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