歐加登戰(zhàn)爭時期非洲之角的聯(lián)盟轉(zhuǎn)換研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-20 11:52
【摘要】：非洲之角位于非洲東北角,靠近世界重要石油產(chǎn)區(qū)波斯灣,連接印度洋、紅海和地中海,具有重要的戰(zhàn)略價值,成為冷戰(zhàn)時期美蘇爭奪的重要據(jù)點。歐加登地區(qū)位于埃塞俄比亞東部與索馬里接壤地區(qū),人口主要為索馬里人,索馬里民主共和國獨立后一直致力于將所有索馬里居住區(qū)聯(lián)合起來建立統(tǒng)一的索馬里國家,因此這就導(dǎo)致埃塞和索馬里在歐加登地區(qū)展開激烈爭奪。1977-1978年歐加登戰(zhàn)爭對非洲之角的聯(lián)盟局勢產(chǎn)生重要影響。本研究希望依托國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究文獻,特別是沈志華老師主編的《蘇聯(lián)歷史檔案選編》(第33卷)中有關(guān)蘇聯(lián)對埃索沖突進行斡旋的文獻資料,對歐加登戰(zhàn)爭前后非洲之角聯(lián)盟關(guān)系建立與發(fā)展、出現(xiàn)危機和轉(zhuǎn)換的歷史進行梳理,探究歐加登戰(zhàn)爭時期非洲之角聯(lián)盟關(guān)系出現(xiàn)徹底轉(zhuǎn)換的原因。全文由導(dǎo)論、正文和結(jié)論三部分組成,正文分為四個部分。第一章對歐加登戰(zhàn)爭進行介紹,從中我們發(fā)現(xiàn)聯(lián)盟關(guān)系特別是蘇聯(lián)對盟友的選擇對戰(zhàn)爭進程產(chǎn)生了重要影響,由此引出本研究的重要問題,即在歐加登戰(zhàn)爭時期,非洲之角的聯(lián)盟關(guān)系產(chǎn)生了怎樣的變化,為什么會發(fā)生這種變化。接下來三章分別論述美國、蘇聯(lián)、埃塞俄比亞和索馬里四個國家在非洲之角地區(qū)聯(lián)盟關(guān)系建立、出現(xiàn)危機和轉(zhuǎn)換的歷史,并分析聯(lián)盟局勢變化的原因,其中聯(lián)盟出現(xiàn)危機和轉(zhuǎn)換兩個章節(jié)為本文的重點所在。通過對非洲之角聯(lián)盟關(guān)系的梳理,我發(fā)現(xiàn)聯(lián)盟出現(xiàn)危機直至轉(zhuǎn)換的過程中,各國面臨的外部威脅并沒有發(fā)生重大變化,而國內(nèi)政治的變化成為影響聯(lián)盟轉(zhuǎn)換的重要因素,特別是埃塞俄比亞國內(nèi)局勢的發(fā)展。1974年埃塞俄比亞爆發(fā)革命,軍政府為了與前政府劃清界限,在外交政策上改變以往親西方的態(tài)度,轉(zhuǎn)向發(fā)展與蘇聯(lián)等社會主義國家的關(guān)系,這不僅對埃塞與美國的聯(lián)盟產(chǎn)生直接影響,也間接影響到蘇索聯(lián)盟盟友之間的信任。1976年底-1977年初,埃塞軍政府內(nèi)部激進派掌權(quán)過程中對反對派的血腥鎮(zhèn)壓成為導(dǎo)致美埃聯(lián)盟終結(jié)的重要因素,但卻堅定了蘇聯(lián)政府對門格斯圖的信任,加之索馬里在歐加登等問題上與蘇聯(lián)的戰(zhàn)略分歧,導(dǎo)致戰(zhàn)爭開始不久蘇索聯(lián)盟的破裂,隨后蘇聯(lián)全力支持埃塞俄比亞,并最終贏得戰(zhàn)爭的勝利。
[Abstract]:Located in the northeast corner of Africa, close to the Persian Gulf, an important oil producing region of the world, the Horn of Africa is connected to the Indian Ocean, the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It has important strategic value and has become an important stronghold for which the United States and the Soviet Union fought during the Cold War. The Ogaden region is located in the eastern part of Ethiopia bordering Somalia, with a predominantly Somali population, and the Democratic Republic of Somalia has been working since its independence to unite all Somali settlements to form a unified Somali State, This led to intense competition between Ethiopia and Somalia in the Ogaden region, where the 1977-1978 Ogaden war had an important impact on the alliance situation in the Horn of Africa. The purpose of this study is to rely on the relevant research literature at home and abroad, especially the literature on the mediation of the Soviet Union on the Essos conflict, edited by Mr. Shen Zhihua in the selected History Archives of the Soviet Union (vol. 33). This paper combs the history of the establishment, development, crisis and transformation of the relationship between the Horn of Africa before and after the Ogaden War, and probes into the reasons for the complete transformation of the relationship between the Horn of Africa during the Ogaden War. The full text consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion, and the text is divided into four parts. The first chapter introduces the Ogaden War, from which we find that the alliance relationship, especially the Soviet Union's choice of allies, has an important impact on the war process, which leads to the important question of this study, that is, during the Ogaden War. How and why the alliance in the Horn of Africa has changed. The following three chapters respectively discuss the history of the establishment, crisis and transformation of the alliance between the United States, the Soviet Union, Ethiopia and Somalia in the Horn of Africa region, and analyze the reasons for the changes in the Union situation. The crisis of alliance and the transformation of the two chapters are the focus of this paper. By combing the relationship of the Horn of Africa alliance, I find that in the process of alliance crisis and transition, the external threats faced by countries have not changed significantly, and the changes in domestic politics have become an important factor influencing the transition of the alliance. In particular, the development of the domestic situation in Ethiopia. The revolution broke out in Ethiopia in 1974. In order to draw a clear line from the former government, the military junta changed its previous pro-Western attitude in foreign policy and turned to developing relations with the Soviet Union and other socialist countries. This has a direct impact not only on Ethiopia's alliance with the United States, but also indirectly on the trust between the allies of the Soso Union. The bloody suppression of the opposition by radical factions in the Ethiopian military junta was an important factor leading to the end of the US-Egypt alliance, but it strengthened the trust of the Soviet government in Mengistu. In addition, the strategic differences between Somalia and the Soviet Union on such issues as Ogaden led to the break-up of the Soso Union shortly after the war began, followed by the Soviet Union's full support for Ethiopia and the eventual victory of the war.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D842
本文編號：2283093
[Abstract]:Located in the northeast corner of Africa, close to the Persian Gulf, an important oil producing region of the world, the Horn of Africa is connected to the Indian Ocean, the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It has important strategic value and has become an important stronghold for which the United States and the Soviet Union fought during the Cold War. The Ogaden region is located in the eastern part of Ethiopia bordering Somalia, with a predominantly Somali population, and the Democratic Republic of Somalia has been working since its independence to unite all Somali settlements to form a unified Somali State, This led to intense competition between Ethiopia and Somalia in the Ogaden region, where the 1977-1978 Ogaden war had an important impact on the alliance situation in the Horn of Africa. The purpose of this study is to rely on the relevant research literature at home and abroad, especially the literature on the mediation of the Soviet Union on the Essos conflict, edited by Mr. Shen Zhihua in the selected History Archives of the Soviet Union (vol. 33). This paper combs the history of the establishment, development, crisis and transformation of the relationship between the Horn of Africa before and after the Ogaden War, and probes into the reasons for the complete transformation of the relationship between the Horn of Africa during the Ogaden War. The full text consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion, and the text is divided into four parts. The first chapter introduces the Ogaden War, from which we find that the alliance relationship, especially the Soviet Union's choice of allies, has an important impact on the war process, which leads to the important question of this study, that is, during the Ogaden War. How and why the alliance in the Horn of Africa has changed. The following three chapters respectively discuss the history of the establishment, crisis and transformation of the alliance between the United States, the Soviet Union, Ethiopia and Somalia in the Horn of Africa region, and analyze the reasons for the changes in the Union situation. The crisis of alliance and the transformation of the two chapters are the focus of this paper. By combing the relationship of the Horn of Africa alliance, I find that in the process of alliance crisis and transition, the external threats faced by countries have not changed significantly, and the changes in domestic politics have become an important factor influencing the transition of the alliance. In particular, the development of the domestic situation in Ethiopia. The revolution broke out in Ethiopia in 1974. In order to draw a clear line from the former government, the military junta changed its previous pro-Western attitude in foreign policy and turned to developing relations with the Soviet Union and other socialist countries. This has a direct impact not only on Ethiopia's alliance with the United States, but also indirectly on the trust between the allies of the Soso Union. The bloody suppression of the opposition by radical factions in the Ethiopian military junta was an important factor leading to the end of the US-Egypt alliance, but it strengthened the trust of the Soviet government in Mengistu. In addition, the strategic differences between Somalia and the Soviet Union on such issues as Ogaden led to the break-up of the Soso Union shortly after the war began, followed by the Soviet Union's full support for Ethiopia and the eventual victory of the war.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D842
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