《紐約時報》與中美關系（1972-1979）
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-14 09:20
【摘要】：上世紀70年代,世界上最發(fā)達的國家——美國與世界上人口最多的國家——中國由對峙走向和解,兩國關系的變化舉世矚目。自1972年尼克松訪華到1979年中美正式建交,中美關系正�；牡缆房芍^是一波三折。以《紐約時報》為代表的美國媒體輿論,憑借著敏銳的政治洞察力,報道事實、剖析利弊,設置議題、引導公共輿論,對中美關系的實際發(fā)展起到了或推進或阻礙的作用。“水門事件”之前的尼克松時代,《紐約時報》力挺政府對華政策的緩和,為訪華的順利進行奠定了輿論基礎�！八T事件”之后,輿論不再看好中美關系的發(fā)展。此時的中美關系確實遭受了挫折。直至福特政府時期媒體輿論一直充當著風向標的作用,為中美關系的發(fā)展提供著消極的輿論導向。而當卡特執(zhí)政之后,《紐約時報》由最初的冷淡逐漸轉變?yōu)橄Ｍ貙捦袊年P系,這為中美兩國的正式建交作了輿論準備。本文分為三章具體闡述《紐約時報》在中美正�；M程中所扮演的角色。 第一部分為《紐約時報》與中美和解的起點。該章以尼克松訪華為主要切入點,交代了1972年尼克松訪華之際的國際背景,尼克松政府與媒體的緊張關系及其媒介控制政策,并著重整理歸納了訪華前后《紐約時報》的觀點。本章的結論是：媒體輿論為尼克松訪華提供了輿論支持。 第二部分為《紐約時報》與中美關系的停滯。這一章以“水門事件”為起點,描述了自該事件起以《紐約時報》為代表的美國媒體輿論對中美關系的質疑。直至福特總統(tǒng)入主白宮,媒體輿論一直充當著風向標的作用,為中美關系的發(fā)展提供著消極的輿論導向。盡管政府有心推動中美關系的繼續(xù)發(fā)展,但媒體并不支持這種做法,這成為福特訪華慘淡收場的原因之一 第三部分為《紐約時報》與中美正式建交。該章介紹了卡特總統(tǒng)的外交理念,并著重說明《紐約時報》如何從熱衷于報道中國的負面消息轉變?yōu)橄Ｍ绹斁滞貙捦袊年P系,這一變化過程與兩國關系的發(fā)展軌跡基本吻合。媒體輿論為中美兩國的正式建交作了充足的輿論準備。
[Abstract]:In the 1970s, the world's most developed country-the United States and the world's most populous country-China from confrontation to reconciliation, the change in relations between the two countries attracted worldwide attention. From Nixon's visit to China in 1972 to the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States in 1979, the road of normalization between China and the United States can be described as a series of twists and turns. American media opinion, represented by the New York Times, relies on its keen political insight, reports facts, analyzes advantages and disadvantages, sets issues, guides public opinion, and plays a role in promoting or hindering the actual development of Sino-US relations. In Nixon's time before Watergate incident, the New York Times supported the relaxation of the government's China policy, which laid the foundation of public opinion for the smooth progress of China's visit. After the Watergate incident, public opinion is no longer optimistic about the development of Sino-US relations. Indeed, Sino-US relations have suffered setbacks at this time. Until the Ford government, the media always acted as the vane of the wind and provided negative guidance for the development of the Sino-American relations. After Carter took office, the New York Times gradually changed from the initial indifference to the desire to broaden relations with China, which prepared the public opinion for the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. This paper is divided into three chapters to explain the role of the New York Times in the process of normalization between China and the United States. The first part is the starting point of reconciliation between the New York Times and the United States. This chapter takes Nixon's visit to China as the main breakthrough point, explains the international background of Nixon's visit to China in 1972, the tense relationship between Nixon administration and the media and its media control policy, and summarizes the views of the New York Times before and after his visit to China. The conclusion of this chapter is: media opinion provided public opinion support for Nixon's visit to China. The second part is the New York Times and the stagnation of Sino-US relations. This chapter takes Watergate incident as the starting point and describes the American media opinion's questioning of Sino-US relations represented by the New York Times since the event. Until President Ford took over the White House, media opinion served as a vane and provided negative guidance for the development of Sino-American relations. Despite the government's intention to promote the continued development of Sino-US relations, the media did not support this approach, which became one of the reasons for Ford's dismal visit to China. The third part was the official establishment of diplomatic relations between the New York Times and the United States. The chapter introduces President Carter's diplomatic philosophy and focuses on how the New York Times has changed from a keen focus on China's negative news to a desire for the United States authorities to broaden relations with China. This process of change basically coincides with the development of bilateral relations. Media public opinion for the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States made adequate public opinion preparations.
【學位授予單位】：湖南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D829;G219.29
本文編號：2270039
[Abstract]:In the 1970s, the world's most developed country-the United States and the world's most populous country-China from confrontation to reconciliation, the change in relations between the two countries attracted worldwide attention. From Nixon's visit to China in 1972 to the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States in 1979, the road of normalization between China and the United States can be described as a series of twists and turns. American media opinion, represented by the New York Times, relies on its keen political insight, reports facts, analyzes advantages and disadvantages, sets issues, guides public opinion, and plays a role in promoting or hindering the actual development of Sino-US relations. In Nixon's time before Watergate incident, the New York Times supported the relaxation of the government's China policy, which laid the foundation of public opinion for the smooth progress of China's visit. After the Watergate incident, public opinion is no longer optimistic about the development of Sino-US relations. Indeed, Sino-US relations have suffered setbacks at this time. Until the Ford government, the media always acted as the vane of the wind and provided negative guidance for the development of the Sino-American relations. After Carter took office, the New York Times gradually changed from the initial indifference to the desire to broaden relations with China, which prepared the public opinion for the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. This paper is divided into three chapters to explain the role of the New York Times in the process of normalization between China and the United States. The first part is the starting point of reconciliation between the New York Times and the United States. This chapter takes Nixon's visit to China as the main breakthrough point, explains the international background of Nixon's visit to China in 1972, the tense relationship between Nixon administration and the media and its media control policy, and summarizes the views of the New York Times before and after his visit to China. The conclusion of this chapter is: media opinion provided public opinion support for Nixon's visit to China. The second part is the New York Times and the stagnation of Sino-US relations. This chapter takes Watergate incident as the starting point and describes the American media opinion's questioning of Sino-US relations represented by the New York Times since the event. Until President Ford took over the White House, media opinion served as a vane and provided negative guidance for the development of Sino-American relations. Despite the government's intention to promote the continued development of Sino-US relations, the media did not support this approach, which became one of the reasons for Ford's dismal visit to China. The third part was the official establishment of diplomatic relations between the New York Times and the United States. The chapter introduces President Carter's diplomatic philosophy and focuses on how the New York Times has changed from a keen focus on China's negative news to a desire for the United States authorities to broaden relations with China. This process of change basically coincides with the development of bilateral relations. Media public opinion for the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States made adequate public opinion preparations.
【學位授予單位】：湖南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D829;G219.29
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