冷戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)南海政策演變之分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-09 18:00
【摘要】： 中國(guó)對(duì)南海及散布于其中的四大群島擁有主權(quán)是不爭(zhēng)的事實(shí),在歷史上,美國(guó)也曾經(jīng)承認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)。在冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期,基于在東南亞地區(qū)遏制中國(guó)的需要以及之后的“聯(lián)華制蘇”戰(zhàn)略,美國(guó)的南海政策也經(jīng)歷了從“阻止中國(guó)進(jìn)入南�！钡健霸谀虾栴}上堅(jiān)持中立立場(chǎng)”的轉(zhuǎn)變。 冷戰(zhàn)的結(jié)束使中美“準(zhǔn)戰(zhàn)略同盟”的關(guān)系不復(fù)存在。伴隨美國(guó)對(duì)華戰(zhàn)略的演變,美國(guó)的南海政策也經(jīng)歷了持續(xù)的變動(dòng)。在確定南海對(duì)美國(guó)的利益至關(guān)重要之后,美國(guó)開始積極關(guān)注南海爭(zhēng)端可能對(duì)美國(guó)帶來的影響,并放棄了原先的“完全中立”政策。從1995年開始,美國(guó)逐漸在南海地區(qū)扮演具有明顯傾向性的“平衡者”角色,隨后積極擴(kuò)大在南海及周邊地區(qū)的政治和軍事存在,并與東南亞相關(guān)國(guó)家在事實(shí)上形成了針對(duì)中國(guó)的聯(lián)盟。為將當(dāng)前的南海主權(quán)多元化的格局固定下來,并防止中國(guó)在南海地區(qū)獲得優(yōu)勢(shì),近年來美國(guó)的南海政策表現(xiàn)出了越來越強(qiáng)的干涉傾向。 冷戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)南海政策的演變不是偶然發(fā)生的,而是美國(guó)根據(jù)自身在該地區(qū)的利益所做出的理性選擇�；谥袊�(guó)是美國(guó)的“戰(zhàn)略競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手”的認(rèn)識(shí)、南海日益重要的戰(zhàn)略價(jià)值、美國(guó)在經(jīng)濟(jì)上對(duì)該地區(qū)的依賴以及維護(hù)自身在其盟友之中的信譽(yù)等諸多因素,美國(guó)形成了當(dāng)前的南海政策;而且由于上述因素在短期內(nèi)難以改變,所以美國(guó)的南海政策在較長(zhǎng)時(shí)期內(nèi)不會(huì)發(fā)生根本性變化,而且其針對(duì)中國(guó)的干涉傾向還可能增強(qiáng)。 美國(guó)當(dāng)前奉行的南海政策對(duì)中國(guó)在南海的權(quán)益產(chǎn)生了極為消極的影響:它刺激了東南亞相關(guān)國(guó)家進(jìn)一步占據(jù)南海的野心,加劇了地區(qū)緊張局勢(shì),提高了中國(guó)維護(hù)自身海洋權(quán)益的成本,使中國(guó)收回被占島礁的難度更大,并且使中美在臺(tái)海問題之外又多了一個(gè)沖突焦點(diǎn)。 針對(duì)冷戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)南海政策的變動(dòng),中國(guó)應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步明確宣示對(duì)南海的主權(quán),引導(dǎo)美國(guó)參與中國(guó)對(duì)南海的開發(fā)進(jìn)程,尊重美國(guó)在該地區(qū)的航行自由等合法權(quán)益,避免將收回南海主權(quán)與中國(guó)成為海洋大國(guó)相聯(lián)系,將南海主權(quán)爭(zhēng)端限制于中國(guó)與相關(guān)國(guó)家的范圍之內(nèi),避免與美國(guó)在南海的直接對(duì)抗,并嘗試聯(lián)合臺(tái)灣共同捍衛(wèi)中國(guó)在南海的權(quán)益。通過上述政策,中國(guó)可以將美國(guó)南海政策所帶來的消極影響降至最低。
[Abstract]:It is an indisputable fact that China has sovereignty over the South China Sea and the four archipelagos scattered among them, and the United States has acknowledged this in history. During the Cold War period, because of the need to contain China in Southeast Asia and the strategy of "United China and the Soviet Union", the policy of the United States in the South China Sea also underwent a transformation from "preventing China from entering the South China Sea" to "upholding a neutral stance on the issue of the South China Sea". With the end of the Cold War, the relationship between China and America's quasi-strategic alliance has ceased to exist. With the evolution of American strategy toward China, the South China Sea policy of the United States has also undergone continuous changes. After determining the importance of the South China Sea for the United States, the United States became actively concerned about the possible impact of the South China Sea dispute on the United States and abandoned its original "completely neutral" policy. Since 1995, the United States has gradually assumed the role of "balancer" in the South China Sea, and has since actively expanded its political and military presence in and around the South China Sea. And related countries with Southeast Asia in fact formed an alliance against China. In order to stabilize the present pluralistic pattern of sovereignty in the South China Sea and prevent China from gaining an advantage in the South China Sea, the policy of the United States in the South China Sea has shown an increasingly strong tendency to interfere in recent years. The evolution of American policy in the South China Sea after the Cold War did not happen by accident, but the rational choice made by the United States according to its own interests in the region. Based on the recognition that China is the "strategic competitor" of the United States, the growing strategic value of the South China Sea, the economic dependence of the United States on the region and the maintenance of its credibility among its allies, and so on, The United States has formed the current South China Sea policy, and because these factors are difficult to change in the short term, there will be no fundamental change in the South China Sea policy for a longer period of time, and its tendency to interfere with China is likely to increase. The current US policy on the South China Sea has had an extremely negative impact on China's rights and interests in the South China Sea: it has stimulated the ambitions of Southeast Asian countries to further occupy the South China Sea and increased regional tensions. It has increased the cost of China's maritime rights and interests, made it more difficult for China to recover its occupied islands and reefs, and added a new focus of conflict to the issue of the Taiwan Strait between China and the United States. In view of the changes in US policy in the South China Sea after the Cold War, China should further clearly declare its sovereignty over the South China Sea, guide the United States to participate in the process of China's development of the South China Sea, and respect the legitimate rights and interests of the United States, such as freedom of navigation in the region. To avoid linking the withdrawal of sovereignty over the South China Sea with China's becoming a major maritime power, to limit sovereignty disputes in the South China Sea to the scope of China and relevant countries, and to avoid direct confrontation with the United States in the South China Sea, And try to unite with Taiwan to defend China's rights and interests in the South China Sea. By doing so, China can minimize the negative impact of the US policy on the South China Sea.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2
本文編號(hào)：2260255
[Abstract]:It is an indisputable fact that China has sovereignty over the South China Sea and the four archipelagos scattered among them, and the United States has acknowledged this in history. During the Cold War period, because of the need to contain China in Southeast Asia and the strategy of "United China and the Soviet Union", the policy of the United States in the South China Sea also underwent a transformation from "preventing China from entering the South China Sea" to "upholding a neutral stance on the issue of the South China Sea". With the end of the Cold War, the relationship between China and America's quasi-strategic alliance has ceased to exist. With the evolution of American strategy toward China, the South China Sea policy of the United States has also undergone continuous changes. After determining the importance of the South China Sea for the United States, the United States became actively concerned about the possible impact of the South China Sea dispute on the United States and abandoned its original "completely neutral" policy. Since 1995, the United States has gradually assumed the role of "balancer" in the South China Sea, and has since actively expanded its political and military presence in and around the South China Sea. And related countries with Southeast Asia in fact formed an alliance against China. In order to stabilize the present pluralistic pattern of sovereignty in the South China Sea and prevent China from gaining an advantage in the South China Sea, the policy of the United States in the South China Sea has shown an increasingly strong tendency to interfere in recent years. The evolution of American policy in the South China Sea after the Cold War did not happen by accident, but the rational choice made by the United States according to its own interests in the region. Based on the recognition that China is the "strategic competitor" of the United States, the growing strategic value of the South China Sea, the economic dependence of the United States on the region and the maintenance of its credibility among its allies, and so on, The United States has formed the current South China Sea policy, and because these factors are difficult to change in the short term, there will be no fundamental change in the South China Sea policy for a longer period of time, and its tendency to interfere with China is likely to increase. The current US policy on the South China Sea has had an extremely negative impact on China's rights and interests in the South China Sea: it has stimulated the ambitions of Southeast Asian countries to further occupy the South China Sea and increased regional tensions. It has increased the cost of China's maritime rights and interests, made it more difficult for China to recover its occupied islands and reefs, and added a new focus of conflict to the issue of the Taiwan Strait between China and the United States. In view of the changes in US policy in the South China Sea after the Cold War, China should further clearly declare its sovereignty over the South China Sea, guide the United States to participate in the process of China's development of the South China Sea, and respect the legitimate rights and interests of the United States, such as freedom of navigation in the region. To avoid linking the withdrawal of sovereignty over the South China Sea with China's becoming a major maritime power, to limit sovereignty disputes in the South China Sea to the scope of China and relevant countries, and to avoid direct confrontation with the United States in the South China Sea, And try to unite with Taiwan to defend China's rights and interests in the South China Sea. By doing so, China can minimize the negative impact of the US policy on the South China Sea.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 汪愛平;;美國(guó)南海政策的演變及其影響研究[J];廣西師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2012年02期
，本文編號(hào)：2260255
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