【摘要】：新疆自古以來便是中國領(lǐng)土不可分割的一部分。在近代以前,中國國力強(qiáng)盛,邊防鞏固。新疆雖地處邊關(guān),但社會總體上相對安定,西部周邊也無強(qiáng)敵,不存在安全威脅,也無“疆獨(dú)”問題之說。進(jìn)入近代之后,伴隨著清王朝的衰弱和西方列強(qiáng)的入侵,新疆因其獨(dú)特的地緣戰(zhàn)略地位、豐富的自然資源和遼闊的地域面積,成為俄國、英國等列強(qiáng)覬覦和侵略的對象。進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)之后,伴隨著泛伊斯蘭主義、泛突厥主義的滲透以及民族自決原則的沖擊,在西方列強(qiáng)的策動下,新疆內(nèi)部社會矛盾激化,“疆獨(dú)”勢力趁機(jī)作亂,最終導(dǎo)致“疆獨(dú)”問題的產(chǎn)生。自此,“疆獨(dú)”問題便成為影響新疆安全、穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展的最大消極性因素之一。 回顧世界近現(xiàn)代史,在世界各地的分裂主義運(yùn)動中,一國內(nèi)部的分裂勢力往往將獲取外部認(rèn)可或支持視為實(shí)現(xiàn)其分裂目標(biāo)的重要手段,而外部勢力,特別是大國或大國集團(tuán)出于不同目的,也往往會對他國內(nèi)部的分裂問題進(jìn)行一定程度的干涉。一系列分裂主義運(yùn)動的案例也表明,如果沒有外部勢力的支持特別是大國或大國集團(tuán)的支持,一國內(nèi)部的分裂勢力成功實(shí)現(xiàn)其分裂目標(biāo)的可能性非常小。從“疆獨(dú)”問題的演變歷程來看,國際因素特別是大國因素一直是影響“疆獨(dú)”問題演變的重要變量,英國、前蘇聯(lián)、美國等大國在不同時期都對“疆獨(dú)”問題進(jìn)行了某種程度的干涉。歷代“疆獨(dú)”勢力之所以能夠茍延殘喘,一次又一次地制造分裂叛亂、暴力恐怖活動及各種分裂宣傳,很大程度上講是國際勢力特別是大國力量支持的惡果。自美國介入“疆獨(dú)”問題以來,美國對“疆獨(dú)”問題政策便成為影響“疆獨(dú)”問題的一個重要變量。冷戰(zhàn)后,伴隨著“疆獨(dú)”問題的凸顯,美國對“疆獨(dú)”問題政策也開始浮出水面,逐漸走向公開化,美國對“疆獨(dú)”問題的干涉力度也在不斷加大,美國對“疆獨(dú)”問題的影響力也不斷擴(kuò)大。一定意義上講,美國對“疆獨(dú)”問題政策已經(jīng)成為影響“疆獨(dú)”問題的最大外部變量,成為制約中國解決“疆獨(dú)”問題的最大外部因素。而目前國內(nèi)對這一問題的研究非常薄弱,僅有少數(shù)幾篇文章。因而,探究美國對“疆獨(dú)”問題政策的歷史起源,系統(tǒng)梳理美國對“疆獨(dú)”問題政策的演變歷程,分析其動因、影響和前景,并就此思考中國的應(yīng)對之策,思考新疆穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展的根本之道,成為一個非常緊迫而又極具現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的議題。 本文將圍繞“疆獨(dú)”問題及美國對“疆獨(dú)”問題政策這一核心議題進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究,引言部分將首先對本選題進(jìn)行一個簡要概述。然后在對“疆獨(dú)”問題的產(chǎn)生和演變進(jìn)行研究、梳理的基礎(chǔ)上,分析美國對“疆獨(dú)”問題政策的形成過程,系統(tǒng)梳理美國對“疆獨(dú)”問題政策的發(fā)展歷程,分析美國實(shí)施對“疆獨(dú)”問題政策的動因、影響和前景,并就此思考“疆獨(dú)”問題的實(shí)質(zhì)及應(yīng)對美國對“疆獨(dú)”問題政策的對策。本文正文共分四章。 第一章系統(tǒng)論述“疆獨(dú)”問題的產(chǎn)生與演變。本章首先將結(jié)合近代以來國際、國內(nèi)、疆內(nèi)環(huán)境的變化,從思想和政治兩方面入手,分析“疆獨(dú)”問題的產(chǎn)生。然后,以時間為順序,系統(tǒng)梳理“疆獨(dú)”問題的演變歷程,以求對“疆獨(dú)”問題有一個全面的掌握和認(rèn)知。 第二章分析美國對“疆獨(dú)”問題政策的形成并系統(tǒng)梳理其發(fā)展歷程。本章將從美國駐迪化領(lǐng)事館的設(shè)立談起,探究美國對“疆獨(dú)”問題政策的形成及其初步發(fā)展情況。然后,分別以冷戰(zhàn)后、“9.11”事件后美國對華政策的調(diào)整為切入點(diǎn),從整體到部分,系統(tǒng)梳理20世紀(jì)90年代以及“9.11”事件之后兩個階段美國對“疆獨(dú)”問題政策的演變情況。 第三章分析美國對“疆獨(dú)”問題政策的動因、影響及其前景。本章首先從“天賦使命”觀、反共產(chǎn)主義意識形態(tài)、實(shí)用主義外交哲學(xué)、國家利益四個維度分析美國對“疆獨(dú)”問題政策的實(shí)施動因,然后研究美國對“疆獨(dú)”問題政策的影響,包括對“疆獨(dú)”問題的影響、對中美關(guān)系的影響和對世界反恐形勢的影響。并就美國對“疆獨(dú)”問題政策的前景進(jìn)行展望。 第四章對“疆獨(dú)”問題及美國的政策進(jìn)行思考。本章首先對“疆獨(dú)”問題進(jìn)行思考,思考“疆獨(dú)”問題的實(shí)質(zhì)。然后思考如何界定“疆獨(dú)”問題在中美關(guān)系中的位置,在此基礎(chǔ)上,探索應(yīng)對美國對“疆獨(dú)”問題政策應(yīng)堅(jiān)持的原則立場和策略。 結(jié)語部分對新疆的戰(zhàn)略地位、“疆獨(dú)”問題的實(shí)質(zhì)及美國對“疆獨(dú)”問題政策進(jìn)行了總結(jié)性論述,并思考解決“疆獨(dú)”問題、實(shí)現(xiàn)新疆長治久安之策。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang has been an integral part of China's territory since ancient times. Before modern times, China was strong and its frontier defense was consolidated. Although Xinjiang was located at the frontier crossings, its society was relatively stable on the whole. There were no strong enemies in the west, no security threats, and no "frontier independence" issues. After entering modern times, it was accompanied by the weakening of the Qing Dynasty and Western ranks. Since the 20th century, with the penetration of pan-Islamism, pan-Turkism and the impact of the principle of national self-determination, Xinjiang has become the object of coveting and aggression of the Russian and British powers for its unique geostrategic position, rich natural resources and vast geographical area. Social contradictions intensified, and the "Xinjiang independence" forces seized the opportunity to riot, eventually leading to the "Xinjiang independence" problem. Since then, the "Xinjiang independence" problem has become one of the biggest negative factors affecting Xinjiang's security, stability and development.
Recalling the modern history of the world, in the separatist movements all over the world, the separatist forces within a country often regard obtaining external recognition or support as an important means to achieve their separatist goals, while the external forces, especially the big powers or the big groups, for different purposes, tend to carry out a certain degree of division within other countries. Intervention. A series of cases of separatist movements also show that, without the support of external forces, especially the support of big powers or the Group of Great Powers, it is very unlikely that the separatist forces within a country will succeed in achieving their separatist goals. Great powers such as Britain, the former Soviet Union and the United States intervened in the issue of "independence of the frontier" to some extent in different periods. The reason why the forces of "independence of the frontier" in successive dynasties were able to linger on and create secessionist rebellions, violent terrorist activities and various propaganda of secession was to a large extent international forces. Since the United States intervened in the issue of "Xinjiang independence", its policy on "Xinjiang independence" has become an important variable affecting the issue of "Xinjiang independence". In a sense, the policy of the United States on the issue of "Xinjiang independence" has become the biggest external variable affecting the problem of "Xinjiang independence" and the biggest external factor restricting China's solution to the problem of "Xinjiang independence". The research on this issue is very weak, and there are only a few articles. Therefore, this paper explores the historical origin of the US policy on the issue of "Xinjiang independence", systematically combs the evolution process of the US policy on the issue of "Xinjiang independence", analyzes its causes, influences and prospects, and ponders on China's countermeasures and the fundamental way of Xinjiang's stability and development. It is a very urgent and realistic topic.
This paper will focus on the issue of "Xinjiang independence" and the core issue of the policy of "Xinjiang independence" in the United States. The introduction will first give a brief overview of this topic. This paper systematically reviews the development course of the policy of "Xinjiang independence" in the United States, analyzes the motives, influences and prospects of the policy of "Xinjiang independence" in the United States, and ponders the essence of the problem of "Xinjiang independence" and the Countermeasures of the policy of the United States to the problem of "Xinjiang independence".
The first chapter systematically discusses the emergence and evolution of the problem of "Xinjiang independence". This chapter will first analyze the emergence of the problem of "Xinjiang independence" from the ideological and political aspects in the light of the changes in the international, domestic and internal environment since modern times. Then, in order to systematically sort out the evolution process of the problem of "Xinjiang independence" in the order of time, in order to solve the problem of "Xinjiang independence". A comprehensive grasp and cognition.
The second chapter analyzes the formation of the US policy on the issue of "Xinjiang independence" and systematically combs its development process. This chapter will start with the establishment of the US consulate in Dihua to explore the formation of the US policy on the issue of "Xinjiang independence" and its preliminary development. From the whole to the part, this paper systematically reviews the evolution of the US policy on the issue of "Xinjiang independence" in the 1990s and the two stages after the "9.11" incident.
Chapter Three analyzes the causes, influences and prospects of the US policy on the issue of "Xinjiang independence". The impact includes the impact on the issue of "Xinjiang independence", the impact on Sino-US relations and the world's anti-terrorism situation.
Chapter Four ponders over the issue of "Xinjiang independence" and the policy of the United States. Firstly, this chapter ponders the issue of "Xinjiang independence" and the essence of the issue. Then, it ponders how to define the position of "Xinjiang independence" in Sino-US relations. On this basis, it explores the principled stand and policy that the United States should adhere to on the issue of "Xinjiang independence". Strategy.
In the conclusion part, the author summarizes the essence of Xinjiang independence and the policy of the United States on Xinjiang independence, and thinks about the solution to the problem of Xinjiang independence so as to realize the long-term stability of Xinjiang.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D67;D871.2

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