冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期富布萊特項(xiàng)目與美國文化外交
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-01 05:55
【摘要】：冷戰(zhàn)格局形成后,美蘇為首的兩大陣營為戰(zhàn)勝對手,雙方展開“心理戰(zhàn)”、“宣傳戰(zhàn)”。在這場爭奪戰(zhàn)中,美國利用各種文化外交手段進(jìn)行意識形態(tài)領(lǐng)域的爭奪,其目的是使世界了解美國、產(chǎn)生對美國的好感以達(dá)到對美國價(jià)值觀和生活方式的整體認(rèn)同,旨在推動世界各國對美國了解的富布萊特項(xiàng)目在冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期被美國決策者演化為開展“心理戰(zhàn)”、“宣傳戰(zhàn)”的重要工具。隨著冷戰(zhàn)的發(fā)展,美國試圖利用文化外交手段使世界了解美國、加強(qiáng)與同盟國的關(guān)系以及對以蘇共為首的社會主義國家輸出意識形態(tài),培養(yǎng)“親美”意識,富布萊特項(xiàng)目就是冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期美國重要的文化交流手段之一。 本論文在綜合運(yùn)用歷史學(xué)、政治學(xué)、國際關(guān)系學(xué)以及文化學(xué)等學(xué)說理論的基礎(chǔ)上,通過對美國相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)解密的文件和其它文獻(xiàn)的梳理分析,得出如下結(jié)論:富布萊特項(xiàng)目在冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期使得世界各國了解美國人民及文化,提高項(xiàng)目交流者的專業(yè)技術(shù)知識和學(xué)術(shù)地位,宣傳美國價(jià)值觀、民主形式以及意識形態(tài),鞏固與同盟國的同盟關(guān)系,與以蘇東為首的社會主義國家的心理戰(zhàn)中起到了一定的作用。同時(shí),富布萊特項(xiàng)目也為美國吸納了全球性人才,為美國整體國力的提高提供了全球性人才高地。但是,由于美國試圖利用文化外交手段推銷自己的價(jià)值觀和意識形態(tài),也使各國認(rèn)清了其開展文化教育交流的本質(zhì),在一定程度上喪失了美國文化交流的公信力。 如今,文化外交問題已經(jīng)得到了越來越多國家政要和學(xué)界的重視。作為美國文化外交典型的濃縮,富布萊特項(xiàng)目在冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的發(fā)展歷程具體地展現(xiàn)了美國文化外交的發(fā)展軌跡,可為人們認(rèn)清美國文化外交的本質(zhì)提供例證。通過分析冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期富布萊特項(xiàng)目在美國文化外交中的作用,研究冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的美國文化外交在美國實(shí)現(xiàn)整體國家利益中的策略,可達(dá)到窺一斑而見美國文化外交全貌的目的,從而為我國正在興起的對外文化交流工作提供啟發(fā)和借鑒。一方面,我們應(yīng)汲取美國文化外交獲得成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn),為我國的對外交流所用;另一方面,我們還要吸收美國文化外交的教訓(xùn),使我國取信于世界,建設(shè)一個(gè)和諧的國際環(huán)境,為世界的發(fā)展做出我們的貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:After the formation of the Cold War pattern, the two camps led by the United States and the Soviet Union launched psychological warfare and propaganda war in order to defeat their adversaries. In this battle, the United States uses various cultural and diplomatic means to compete in the ideological field, the purpose of which is to make the world understand the United States and generate good feelings towards the United States in order to achieve the overall identity of the American values and way of life. The Fulbright Project, which aims to promote the world's understanding of the United States, was developed by American policy makers during the Cold War as an important tool for conducting "psychological warfare" and "propaganda war". With the development of the Cold War, the United States tried to use cultural diplomacy to make the world understand the United States, strengthen its relations with its allies, export ideology to the socialist countries led by the Soviet Communist Party, and cultivate its "pro-American" consciousness. The Fulbright Project was one of the most important means of cultural exchange in the United States during the Cold War. Based on the theory of history, political science, international relations and cultural science, this paper analyzes the documents and other documents declassified by relevant American institutions. The following conclusion was drawn: during the Cold War, the Fulbright Project made the world understand the American people and culture, enhanced the technical and academic status of its communicators, and promoted American values, democratic forms and ideologies. Consolidating the alliance with the allies and playing a certain role in the psychological warfare of the socialist countries led by the Soviet Union and East Europe. At the same time, Fulbright project also absorbs the global talent for the United States, and provides the global talent highland for the improvement of the overall national strength of the United States. However, because the United States tries to use cultural diplomacy to promote its own values and ideology, it also makes countries recognize the essence of cultural and educational exchanges and lose the credibility of American cultural exchanges to a certain extent. Nowadays, the issue of cultural diplomacy has been paid more and more attention by political leaders and scholars of more and more countries. As a typical enrichment of American cultural diplomacy, Fulbright Project's development course during the Cold War period concretely showed the development track of American cultural diplomacy, which can provide an example for people to recognize the essence of American cultural diplomacy. By analyzing the role of the Fulbright program in American cultural diplomacy during the Cold War, and studying the strategy of American cultural diplomacy in realizing the overall national interests of the United States during the Cold War, the purpose of seeing the whole picture of American cultural diplomacy can be achieved. In order to provide inspiration and reference for China's emerging work of foreign cultural exchanges. On the one hand, we should draw on the successful experience of American cultural diplomacy and use it for our foreign exchanges; on the other hand, we should absorb the lessons of American cultural diplomacy so that our country can win trust in the world and build a harmonious international environment. Make our contribution to the development of the world.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D871.2
本文編號：2216315
[Abstract]:After the formation of the Cold War pattern, the two camps led by the United States and the Soviet Union launched psychological warfare and propaganda war in order to defeat their adversaries. In this battle, the United States uses various cultural and diplomatic means to compete in the ideological field, the purpose of which is to make the world understand the United States and generate good feelings towards the United States in order to achieve the overall identity of the American values and way of life. The Fulbright Project, which aims to promote the world's understanding of the United States, was developed by American policy makers during the Cold War as an important tool for conducting "psychological warfare" and "propaganda war". With the development of the Cold War, the United States tried to use cultural diplomacy to make the world understand the United States, strengthen its relations with its allies, export ideology to the socialist countries led by the Soviet Communist Party, and cultivate its "pro-American" consciousness. The Fulbright Project was one of the most important means of cultural exchange in the United States during the Cold War. Based on the theory of history, political science, international relations and cultural science, this paper analyzes the documents and other documents declassified by relevant American institutions. The following conclusion was drawn: during the Cold War, the Fulbright Project made the world understand the American people and culture, enhanced the technical and academic status of its communicators, and promoted American values, democratic forms and ideologies. Consolidating the alliance with the allies and playing a certain role in the psychological warfare of the socialist countries led by the Soviet Union and East Europe. At the same time, Fulbright project also absorbs the global talent for the United States, and provides the global talent highland for the improvement of the overall national strength of the United States. However, because the United States tries to use cultural diplomacy to promote its own values and ideology, it also makes countries recognize the essence of cultural and educational exchanges and lose the credibility of American cultural exchanges to a certain extent. Nowadays, the issue of cultural diplomacy has been paid more and more attention by political leaders and scholars of more and more countries. As a typical enrichment of American cultural diplomacy, Fulbright Project's development course during the Cold War period concretely showed the development track of American cultural diplomacy, which can provide an example for people to recognize the essence of American cultural diplomacy. By analyzing the role of the Fulbright program in American cultural diplomacy during the Cold War, and studying the strategy of American cultural diplomacy in realizing the overall national interests of the United States during the Cold War, the purpose of seeing the whole picture of American cultural diplomacy can be achieved. In order to provide inspiration and reference for China's emerging work of foreign cultural exchanges. On the one hand, we should draw on the successful experience of American cultural diplomacy and use it for our foreign exchanges; on the other hand, we should absorb the lessons of American cultural diplomacy so that our country can win trust in the world and build a harmonious international environment. Make our contribution to the development of the world.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D871.2
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