淺析公共外交在突發(fā)事件中的運(yùn)用
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-25 16:31
【摘要】：經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的不斷深化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息技術(shù)的突飛猛進(jìn)，把整個(gè)世界緊密聯(lián)系在一起，國與國之間的利益交織在一起，國內(nèi)問題國際化已經(jīng)成為不爭的事實(shí)，一國境內(nèi)發(fā)生的事在短短時(shí)間內(nèi)就會傳遍全世界，國際輿論不僅深刻影響著國際政治的進(jìn)程，還對一國國內(nèi)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生重要的影響。隨著中國的迅速崛起，“中國威脅論”在西方社會仍然大有市場，一些企圖對中國進(jìn)行歪曲報(bào)道的西方媒體仍然在不斷尋找機(jī)會，近些年來我國自然災(zāi)害頻發(fā)，又處于經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的社會轉(zhuǎn)型期，各種社會矛盾凸顯，突發(fā)事件高發(fā)，事故災(zāi)難、公共衛(wèi)生事件、社會安全事件層出不窮，突發(fā)事件一旦發(fā)生，如果政府處理得妥當(dāng)，會給國家形象和政府形象加分，處理得不好，就會給一些西方媒體歪曲中國提供機(jī)會，甚至?xí)䦟﹂L期建構(gòu)起來的良好國家形象造成重大破壞，使國家面臨不利的國際輿論環(huán)境。而公共外交把國外廣大的公眾作為溝通的對象，通過向外國公眾傳播信息、和他們交流思想從而達(dá)到澄清事實(shí)、消除誤解，影響外國公眾的態(tài)度和引導(dǎo)國際輿論的效果。因而，在重大突發(fā)事件發(fā)生后，及時(shí)開展公共外交活動(dòng)是十分必要的，有利于和國際社會迅速進(jìn)行溝通對話，爭取國際社會的理解和認(rèn)同，盡可能避免或降低突發(fā)事件帶來的負(fù)面影響，甚至能化危機(jī)為國家形象建構(gòu)的契機(jī)。 在2003年的“非典”事件中，當(dāng)?shù)卣凇胺堑洹背跗趯σ咔檫M(jìn)行遮掩隱瞞，甚至“謊報(bào)”疫情，等到疫情失控了才站出來面對社會，不但喪失了引導(dǎo)國際輿論的主導(dǎo)權(quán)，還引起了國際社會對中國的質(zhì)疑和批評，讓別有用心的外媒有機(jī)會進(jìn)行歪曲夸大性報(bào)道，，抹黑中國，給我國的國家形象造成嚴(yán)重的負(fù)面影響，讓中國一度面臨嚴(yán)峻的國際輿論環(huán)境，相當(dāng)被動(dòng)。而在汶川地震中，中國一改以往隱瞞遮掩的作風(fēng)，自信勇敢面對國內(nèi)外公眾，及時(shí)開展有效的公共外交，掌握國際輿論引導(dǎo)的主動(dòng)權(quán)，并與世界積極展開救援合作，向世界展示了一個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)任的、友好合作、以人為本的國家形象，贏得國際社會前所未有的贊揚(yáng)之聲。 本文在總結(jié)“非典”事件中應(yīng)該吸取的教訓(xùn)，總結(jié)“汶川大地震”中值得吸收的經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，對當(dāng)前我國公共外交在突發(fā)事件中的功能和所取得的效果進(jìn)行評估，最后針對如何在突發(fā)事件中開展有效的公共外交提出了幾點(diǎn)淺薄的建議。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of economic globalization and the rapid development of network information technology, the whole world is closely linked, the interests of countries are intertwined, and the internationalization of domestic issues has become an indisputable fact. What happens in a country will spread all over the world in a short time. International public opinion not only deeply affects the process of international politics, but also has an important impact on the domestic politics, economy, society and other fields of a country. With the rapid rise of China, the theory of "China threat" still has a large market in Western society. Some Western media trying to distort and report on China are still looking for opportunities. In recent years, natural disasters have occurred frequently in our country. In the social transition period of rapid economic development, all kinds of social contradictions have become prominent, with a high incidence of emergencies, accidents, public health incidents, and social security incidents. Once emergencies occur, if the government handles them properly, If the national image and the government image are not handled well, it will give some western media an opportunity to distort China, and even cause great damage to the good national image that has been built for a long time, and make the country face an unfavorable international public opinion environment. Public diplomacy takes the foreign public as the object of communication, through the dissemination of information to the foreign public, and exchange ideas with them to clarify the facts, eliminate misunderstandings, affect the attitude of foreign public and the effect of guiding international public opinion. Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out public diplomacy activities in a timely manner after the occurrence of major emergencies, which is conducive to prompt communication and dialogue with the international community so as to gain the understanding and recognition of the international community. Avoid or reduce the negative impact of unexpected events as much as possible, and even turn the crisis into an opportunity for national image construction. In the "SARS" incident of 2003, the local government concealed the epidemic at the initial stage of the SARS epidemic, or even "falsely reported" the epidemic, and waited until the epidemic was out of control to stand up to society. Not only did it lose the leading power to guide international public opinion. It has also caused the international community to question and criticize China, giving foreign media with ulterior motives the opportunity to distort and exaggerate their reports, smear China, and have a serious negative impact on our country's image. Let China once face austere international public opinion environment, quite passive. In the Wenchuan earthquake, China changed its past style of concealment, bravely faced the public at home and abroad, promptly launched effective public diplomacy, grasped the initiative of international public opinion guidance, and actively launched rescue cooperation with the world. To show the world a responsible, friendly, people-oriented national image, won the international community's unprecedented praise. On the basis of summing up the lessons to be learned in the SARS incident and the experiences worth absorbing in the Wenchuan earthquake, this paper evaluates the functions and effects of China's public diplomacy in sudden events. Finally, some shallow suggestions on how to carry out effective public diplomacy in emergencies are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D80
本文編號：2203473
[Abstract]:With the deepening of economic globalization and the rapid development of network information technology, the whole world is closely linked, the interests of countries are intertwined, and the internationalization of domestic issues has become an indisputable fact. What happens in a country will spread all over the world in a short time. International public opinion not only deeply affects the process of international politics, but also has an important impact on the domestic politics, economy, society and other fields of a country. With the rapid rise of China, the theory of "China threat" still has a large market in Western society. Some Western media trying to distort and report on China are still looking for opportunities. In recent years, natural disasters have occurred frequently in our country. In the social transition period of rapid economic development, all kinds of social contradictions have become prominent, with a high incidence of emergencies, accidents, public health incidents, and social security incidents. Once emergencies occur, if the government handles them properly, If the national image and the government image are not handled well, it will give some western media an opportunity to distort China, and even cause great damage to the good national image that has been built for a long time, and make the country face an unfavorable international public opinion environment. Public diplomacy takes the foreign public as the object of communication, through the dissemination of information to the foreign public, and exchange ideas with them to clarify the facts, eliminate misunderstandings, affect the attitude of foreign public and the effect of guiding international public opinion. Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out public diplomacy activities in a timely manner after the occurrence of major emergencies, which is conducive to prompt communication and dialogue with the international community so as to gain the understanding and recognition of the international community. Avoid or reduce the negative impact of unexpected events as much as possible, and even turn the crisis into an opportunity for national image construction. In the "SARS" incident of 2003, the local government concealed the epidemic at the initial stage of the SARS epidemic, or even "falsely reported" the epidemic, and waited until the epidemic was out of control to stand up to society. Not only did it lose the leading power to guide international public opinion. It has also caused the international community to question and criticize China, giving foreign media with ulterior motives the opportunity to distort and exaggerate their reports, smear China, and have a serious negative impact on our country's image. Let China once face austere international public opinion environment, quite passive. In the Wenchuan earthquake, China changed its past style of concealment, bravely faced the public at home and abroad, promptly launched effective public diplomacy, grasped the initiative of international public opinion guidance, and actively launched rescue cooperation with the world. To show the world a responsible, friendly, people-oriented national image, won the international community's unprecedented praise. On the basis of summing up the lessons to be learned in the SARS incident and the experiences worth absorbing in the Wenchuan earthquake, this paper evaluates the functions and effects of China's public diplomacy in sudden events. Finally, some shallow suggestions on how to carry out effective public diplomacy in emergencies are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D80
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