【摘要】：《貝爾福宣言》是英國政府在1917年發(fā)表的公開支持猶太人在巴勒斯坦建立民族家園的一項(xiàng)文件。宣言發(fā)表的背景很復(fù)雜,從本質(zhì)上來看,該宣言是英國政府同猶太復(fù)國主義者的共同利益的產(chǎn)物。本文主要從英國和猶太人兩方面來分析宣言發(fā)表的背景。一方面,英國為維護(hù)其在中東的戰(zhàn)略利益,秉承了其一貫的中東政策,一戰(zhàn)前后實(shí)施了一連串的中東政策,但都未達(dá)到目標(biāo),于是,英國開始策劃發(fā)表《貝爾福宣言》,目的是奪取巴勒斯坦的控制權(quán)。另一方面,猶太人的作用也不可小覷,猶太人也為宣言的發(fā)表作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。英國猶太社會(huì)進(jìn)行了激烈的內(nèi)部斗爭(zhēng)后,決定要盡力促成宣言的發(fā)表,一些杰出的猶太領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人穿梭于各國政要之間,做了一系列卓有成效的外交工作,爭(zhēng)取了各國尤其是英國的贊同和支持,最終促成了宣言的發(fā)表。 《貝爾福宣言》的發(fā)表是一個(gè)具有里程碑意義的重大事件,是英國控制巴勒斯坦的開端,是猶太民族現(xiàn)代史上取得的具有決定意義的外交勝利。宣言使猶太民族的獨(dú)立不再是一種理想,而成為政治生活中的現(xiàn)實(shí)�！敦悹柛Ｐ浴返陌l(fā)表對(duì)猶太民族和整個(gè)中東的局勢(shì)發(fā)展都產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。宣言引發(fā)了第三次“阿里亞”,使巴勒斯坦的猶太移民快速增長(zhǎng),當(dāng)?shù)鬲q太社團(tuán)迅速壯大,為之后以色列國的建立打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。對(duì)英國來說,宣言成為的1920年圣莫雷會(huì)議上國際聯(lián)盟委任英國統(tǒng)治巴勒斯坦的主要依據(jù),英國完成了既定的獨(dú)占巴勒斯坦目標(biāo),確立了對(duì)巴勒斯坦的委任統(tǒng)治。同時(shí),宣言單方面支持猶太人客觀上損害了阿拉伯人的利益,引起了阿拉伯人的不滿,加劇了阿猶沖突。
[Abstract]:The Belfort Declaration was published by the British government in 1917 in public support for the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine. The declaration was issued against a complex background and was essentially a product of the common interests of the British Government and the Zionists. This paper analyzes the background of the Declaration from two aspects: British and Jewish. On the one hand, in order to safeguard its strategic interests in the Middle East, Britain carried out a series of Middle East policies before and after the first World War, following its consistent Middle East policy. Britain began plotting the Belford Declaration, aimed at seizing control of Palestine. On the other hand, the role of Jews can not be underestimated, Jews also made a great contribution to the publication of the Declaration. After a fierce internal struggle in the United Kingdom, the Jewish society decided to try its best to promote the declaration. Some outstanding Jewish leaders shuttled between the political leaders of various countries and did a series of fruitful diplomatic work. Garnering the approval and support of all countries, in particular the United Kingdom, and finally leading to the publication of the Declaration. The Declaration of Belford was a landmark event and the beginning of British control of Palestine, It is a decisive diplomatic victory in the modern history of the Jewish nation. The Declaration made the independence of the Jewish nation no longer an ideal but a reality in political life. The publication of the Belford Declaration had a profound impact on the development of the Jewish nation and the situation in the Middle East as a whole. The declaration triggered the third "Arja", which led to the rapid growth of Jewish immigrants in Palestine and the rapid growth of local Jewish communities, which laid a solid foundation for the later establishment of the State of Israel. For Britain, the declaration became the main basis on which the League of Nations appointed Britain to rule Palestine at the meeting of St. Morey in 1920. Britain fulfilled its established goal of monopolizing Palestine and established its mandate over Palestine. At the same time, the unilateral support of Jews has objectively harmed the interests of Arabs, aroused dissatisfaction among Arabs, and intensified the conflict between the Jews and Jews.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D815.4

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