【摘要】： 游說(英文寫作Lobbying)又稱為院外游說,起源于19世紀(jì)的美國,原意指說客在飯店走廊或大廳對國會(huì)議員進(jìn)行勸說,后泛指利益集團(tuán)(美國國內(nèi)及國外的團(tuán)體)為實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的利益,與美國政府或國會(huì)進(jìn)行的溝通交流活動(dòng)。本文的院外游說主要針對美國國外的政府或企業(yè)對美國政府或國會(huì)的游說活動(dòng)。 游說至今已經(jīng)成為美國政治領(lǐng)域中一項(xiàng)必不可少、合理合法的公關(guān)活動(dòng)。美國國內(nèi)外的利益集團(tuán)都無比看重游說。尤其是美國國外的利益集團(tuán),為了切身利益都積極爭取對美關(guān)系,在美國大力開展游說活動(dòng)。其中以色列、日本和中國臺灣地區(qū)最為突出。 相比之下,中國對美游說無論是理論研究或是游說實(shí)踐方面,都還比較薄弱。隨著中美兩國關(guān)系的日益緊密,雙方的沖突與摩擦也與日俱增,針對美國開展游說活動(dòng)也變得更加必要與迫切。本文通過采用文獻(xiàn)研究、比較研究、案例研究等方法,對以色列、日本及中國臺灣地區(qū)等美國國外利益集團(tuán)在美的院外游說現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行深入研究,總結(jié)其規(guī)律,建構(gòu)了一個(gè)包括游說目標(biāo)、游說對象、游說組織、游說戰(zhàn)略、游說結(jié)果的院外游說研究框架,據(jù)此對中國對美游說的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析。再通過對“2009年中美輪胎特保案”案例的分析,對提出的研究框架進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,發(fā)現(xiàn)除了框架所包含的幾個(gè)因素之外,游說的外部環(huán)境對于游說活動(dòng)也產(chǎn)生了重大的影響。 本文的研究結(jié)論將進(jìn)一步豐富我國對游說的理論研究,對促進(jìn)我國游說制度與游說規(guī)范的建設(shè)以及我國對美游說實(shí)踐的完善與發(fā)展提供一定的幫助與啟示,尤其希望能對中國企業(yè)如何有效處理與美國政府的關(guān)系及相互的溝通提供一定的啟示與幫助。
[Abstract]:Lobbyists (Lobbying), also known as Lobbying, originated in the United States in the 19th century and meant lobbyists to persuade members of Congress in hotel corridors or halls, and later to interest groups (both in the United States and abroad) to achieve their own interests. Communication activities with the United States Government or Congress. This paper mainly focuses on the lobbying activities of foreign governments or enterprises to the U.S. government or Congress. Lobbying has now become an essential and legitimate public relations activity in American politics. Interest groups inside and outside the United States attach great importance to lobbying. In particular, foreign interest groups in the United States are actively striving for relations with the United States for their vital interests, and have vigorously lobbied in the United States. Israel, Japan and Taiwan are the most prominent. By contrast, China's lobbying to the United States is weak, both in theory and in practice. With the growing ties between China and the United States, conflicts and frictions are increasing, and lobbying against the United States has become more necessary and urgent. By using the methods of literature research, comparative study and case study, this paper makes an in-depth study on the current situation of American foreign interest groups, such as Israel, Japan and Taiwan, in the United States, and summarizes its rules. Based on the analysis of the current situation of China's lobbying to the United States, an out-of-hospital lobbying research framework including lobbying targets, lobbying organizations, lobbying strategies and lobbying results is constructed. Through the analysis of the case of Sino-American tire protection case in 2009, this paper verifies the proposed research framework, and finds that the external environment of lobbying also has a significant impact on the lobbying activities in addition to several factors contained in the framework. The conclusion of this paper will further enrich the theoretical research on lobbying in China, and provide some help and enlightenment to the construction of lobbying system and norms and the perfection and development of China's lobbying practice to the United States. In particular, it hopes to provide some enlightenment and help to Chinese enterprises how to deal with the relationship with the United States government and how to communicate with each other.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D829

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