小布什執(zhí)政時期的中美環(huán)境外交研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-01 13:09
【摘要】：本文系統(tǒng)地論述了小布什執(zhí)政時期(2001-2008)的中美環(huán)境外交。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來,中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展,經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展與環(huán)境問題的矛盾日益突出,而以美國為首的西方發(fā)達(dá)國家更借環(huán)境外交之由不斷地給中國施壓,企圖干涉中國的崛起與發(fā)展。與此同時,美國的環(huán)境外交政策的發(fā)展隨著政府的更迭也發(fā)生了截然不同的變化,與克林頓政府積極的環(huán)境外交政策相比,在小布什政府單邊主義的影響下美國的環(huán)境外交政策也變得相對消極,尤其在宣布退出《京都議定書》之后,更是將美國在國際環(huán)境領(lǐng)域的公信力拉入低谷。首先梳理了中美兩國各自的環(huán)境外交政策的發(fā)展變化,介紹了中美環(huán)境外交的具體內(nèi)容。包括政府高層之間簽訂的雙邊及多邊協(xié)議,確立了一些促進(jìn)環(huán)境保護(hù)發(fā)展的合作與投資項目等,并且在政府間合作的大環(huán)境影響下,中美民間合作也得到了良好的發(fā)展,特別是福特基金會與中美民間交流研討會等環(huán)境非政府組織和機(jī)制的建立更是在一定程度上加深了兩國的環(huán)境外交發(fā)展。中美政府及民間的雙邊環(huán)境外交合作,也為相對消極的中美環(huán)境外交帶來了一些起色。其次是中美環(huán)境外交過程中的矛盾分析。在應(yīng)對氣候變化問題上兩國分別代表了不同陣營的立場,作為發(fā)展中國家的中方提倡的是更加合理的共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任,而作為發(fā)達(dá)國家的美國工業(yè)化程度相對較成熟,更多的從自身利益出發(fā)并且借環(huán)境外交的手段來牽制中國的崛起,完全不顧及以中國為代表的廣大發(fā)展中國家的實際情況,單方面強(qiáng)調(diào)共同的平等的環(huán)保責(zé)任。中美在環(huán)境合作中也缺乏戰(zhàn)略互信,美國對于中國的各種環(huán)境威脅論的呼聲也是愈演愈烈,企圖在環(huán)境合作中摻雜更多的政治因素。最后是對中美環(huán)境外交影響的評價。一方面中美大國環(huán)境外交帶動了區(qū)域及全球環(huán)境合作的進(jìn)步,而在環(huán)境全球化的形勢下正是需要各國的共同參與及維護(hù)。另一方面中美環(huán)境外交的矛盾與合作也給中國環(huán)境外交提供了許多積極的借鑒意義。但是環(huán)境外交的深入開展同樣會造成一些消極的干涉因素,例如對國家的主權(quán)讓渡與主權(quán)干涉的平衡問題等。
[Abstract]:This paper systematically discusses the environmental diplomacy between China and the United States during the Bush administration (2001-2008). Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the rapid development of China's economy, the contradiction between economic and social development and environmental problems has become increasingly prominent. However, Western developed countries, led by the United States, have been exerting constant pressure on China on the basis of environmental diplomacy. Attempts to interfere with China's rise and development. At the same time, the development of the environmental foreign policy of the United States has also undergone very different changes with the change of government, compared with the active environmental foreign policy of the Clinton administration. Under the influence of Bush Administration unilateralism, the environmental foreign policy of the United States has also become relatively negative, especially after the announcement of withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol, the credibility of the United States in the international environment has been drawn into a low point. Firstly, the development and changes of the environmental foreign policy of China and the United States are reviewed, and the specific contents of the environmental diplomacy are introduced. Including bilateral and multilateral agreements signed between high levels of government, some cooperation and investment projects to promote environmental protection and development have been established, and under the influence of the great environment of intergovernmental cooperation, Sino-US non-governmental cooperation has also achieved good development. In particular, the establishment of environmental non-governmental organizations and mechanisms, such as the Ford Foundation and the Sino-American Folk Exchange Seminar, has deepened the development of environmental diplomacy between the two countries to a certain extent. The bilateral environmental diplomatic cooperation between China and the United States has also brought some improvement to the relatively negative environment diplomacy between China and the United States. The second is the analysis of contradictions in the process of environmental diplomacy between China and the United States. China, as a developing country, advocates more reasonable common but differentiated responsibilities, while the United States, as a developed country, is relatively mature in industrialization. More from their own interests and by means of environmental diplomacy to contain the rise of China, completely disregarding the actual situation of the vast number of developing countries represented by China, unilateral emphasis on the common equal responsibility for environmental protection. There is also a lack of strategic mutual trust between China and the United States in environmental cooperation, and calls from the United States for China's various environmental threat theories are also growing, in an attempt to mix more political factors into environmental cooperation. Finally, the impact of environmental diplomacy between China and the United States is evaluated. On the one hand, the environmental diplomacy of the great powers of China and the United States has promoted the progress of regional and global environmental cooperation, and under the circumstance of environmental globalization, it needs the joint participation and maintenance of all countries. On the other hand, the contradiction and cooperation of environmental diplomacy between China and the United States also provide a lot of positive reference significance for China's environmental diplomacy. However, the further development of environmental diplomacy will also cause some negative interference factors, such as the balance between the transfer of sovereignty to the state and sovereign interference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D829.712
本文編號：2157683
[Abstract]:This paper systematically discusses the environmental diplomacy between China and the United States during the Bush administration (2001-2008). Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the rapid development of China's economy, the contradiction between economic and social development and environmental problems has become increasingly prominent. However, Western developed countries, led by the United States, have been exerting constant pressure on China on the basis of environmental diplomacy. Attempts to interfere with China's rise and development. At the same time, the development of the environmental foreign policy of the United States has also undergone very different changes with the change of government, compared with the active environmental foreign policy of the Clinton administration. Under the influence of Bush Administration unilateralism, the environmental foreign policy of the United States has also become relatively negative, especially after the announcement of withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol, the credibility of the United States in the international environment has been drawn into a low point. Firstly, the development and changes of the environmental foreign policy of China and the United States are reviewed, and the specific contents of the environmental diplomacy are introduced. Including bilateral and multilateral agreements signed between high levels of government, some cooperation and investment projects to promote environmental protection and development have been established, and under the influence of the great environment of intergovernmental cooperation, Sino-US non-governmental cooperation has also achieved good development. In particular, the establishment of environmental non-governmental organizations and mechanisms, such as the Ford Foundation and the Sino-American Folk Exchange Seminar, has deepened the development of environmental diplomacy between the two countries to a certain extent. The bilateral environmental diplomatic cooperation between China and the United States has also brought some improvement to the relatively negative environment diplomacy between China and the United States. The second is the analysis of contradictions in the process of environmental diplomacy between China and the United States. China, as a developing country, advocates more reasonable common but differentiated responsibilities, while the United States, as a developed country, is relatively mature in industrialization. More from their own interests and by means of environmental diplomacy to contain the rise of China, completely disregarding the actual situation of the vast number of developing countries represented by China, unilateral emphasis on the common equal responsibility for environmental protection. There is also a lack of strategic mutual trust between China and the United States in environmental cooperation, and calls from the United States for China's various environmental threat theories are also growing, in an attempt to mix more political factors into environmental cooperation. Finally, the impact of environmental diplomacy between China and the United States is evaluated. On the one hand, the environmental diplomacy of the great powers of China and the United States has promoted the progress of regional and global environmental cooperation, and under the circumstance of environmental globalization, it needs the joint participation and maintenance of all countries. On the other hand, the contradiction and cooperation of environmental diplomacy between China and the United States also provide a lot of positive reference significance for China's environmental diplomacy. However, the further development of environmental diplomacy will also cause some negative interference factors, such as the balance between the transfer of sovereignty to the state and sovereign interference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D829.712
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