布什政府和奧巴馬政府外交理念與實(shí)踐比較研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-27 12:44
【摘要】： 外交理念是指導(dǎo)決策者進(jìn)行外交決策的觀念和信仰的總和。對一國的外交理念進(jìn)行分析和研究,有助于更好地理解和把握該國外交政策。 美國是一個(gè)總統(tǒng)制的國家,總統(tǒng)的外交理念對美國外交政策產(chǎn)生直接的影響。布什政府深受新保守主義思想的影響,對實(shí)力絕對迷信,對民主盲目追求,“實(shí)力至上、單邊主義、先發(fā)制人和輸出民”是其外交理念的主要內(nèi)容。奧巴馬政府對權(quán)力采取實(shí)用主義的態(tài)度,“實(shí)用主義、多邊主義、外交和發(fā)展手段優(yōu)先、巧實(shí)力外交以及無核世界”構(gòu)成了其外交理念的主要內(nèi)容。外交理念的不同導(dǎo)致了兩者外交方式和風(fēng)格上的差異,但是由于兩種外交理念在追求美國霸權(quán)的目標(biāo)上并無區(qū)別,因此外交方式和風(fēng)格的變化只是手段和策略上的調(diào)整,其強(qiáng)權(quán)政治、追求霸權(quán)的實(shí)質(zhì)依然不會(huì)改變。 具體到美國的核政策上,雖然布什的核政策以單邊主義、進(jìn)攻性和強(qiáng)制性為主要特點(diǎn),而奧巴馬政府的核政策則強(qiáng)調(diào)多邊合作和協(xié)調(diào),并且把消除所有核武器建立無核世界作為其核政策的最終目標(biāo),但是這兩種核戰(zhàn)略的共同點(diǎn)都是實(shí)現(xiàn)美國安全稱霸的目標(biāo)�！盁o核世界”的實(shí)質(zhì)是通過解除他國的核武裝來擴(kuò)大美國在常規(guī)軍事領(lǐng)域的優(yōu)勢地位,從而確保美國的霸權(quán)地位。 通過比較研究,針對未來中美關(guān)系的發(fā)展,本文得出兩點(diǎn)啟示:一是未來中美關(guān)系將呈現(xiàn)可控制摩擦的局面;二是警惕美國在核問題上綁架中國。
[Abstract]:The concept of diplomacy is the sum of ideas and beliefs that guide decision-makers to make diplomatic decisions. It is helpful to understand and grasp the foreign policy of a country by analyzing and studying its foreign policy. The United States is a presidential country, the president's foreign policy has a direct impact on the president. The Bush administration is deeply influenced by neoconservatism. It is absolutely superstitious to power and blind to democracy. "Power first, unilateralism, preemptive action and exporting people" is the main content of his diplomatic idea. The Obama administration takes a pragmatic approach to power, "pragmatism, multilateralism, diplomacy and means of development take precedence, skillful diplomacy and a nuclear-free world" form the main elements of its diplomatic philosophy. The difference of diplomatic idea leads to the difference of diplomatic style and style between them. However, there is no difference between them in pursuing the goal of American hegemony, so the change of diplomatic way and style is only the adjustment of means and tactics. Its power politics, the pursuit of hegemony is still the essence of the same. Specifically, on the nuclear policy of the United States, although Bush's nuclear policy is characterized by unilateralism, aggression and coercion, the Obama administration's nuclear policy emphasizes multilateral cooperation and coordination. The ultimate goal of its nuclear policy is to eliminate all nuclear weapons and create a nuclear-free world, but the common denominator of these two nuclear strategies is to achieve the goal of US security hegemony. The essence of the "world without nuclear weapons" is to expand the superiority of the United States in the conventional military field by disarming other countries' nuclear weapons, so as to ensure the hegemonic position of the United States. Through comparative study, this paper draws two enlightenments from the future development of Sino-US relations: one is that Sino-US relations will present a situation of controllable friction in the future; the other is to be alert to the abduction of China by the United States on the nuclear issue.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D871.2
本文編號：2147871
[Abstract]:The concept of diplomacy is the sum of ideas and beliefs that guide decision-makers to make diplomatic decisions. It is helpful to understand and grasp the foreign policy of a country by analyzing and studying its foreign policy. The United States is a presidential country, the president's foreign policy has a direct impact on the president. The Bush administration is deeply influenced by neoconservatism. It is absolutely superstitious to power and blind to democracy. "Power first, unilateralism, preemptive action and exporting people" is the main content of his diplomatic idea. The Obama administration takes a pragmatic approach to power, "pragmatism, multilateralism, diplomacy and means of development take precedence, skillful diplomacy and a nuclear-free world" form the main elements of its diplomatic philosophy. The difference of diplomatic idea leads to the difference of diplomatic style and style between them. However, there is no difference between them in pursuing the goal of American hegemony, so the change of diplomatic way and style is only the adjustment of means and tactics. Its power politics, the pursuit of hegemony is still the essence of the same. Specifically, on the nuclear policy of the United States, although Bush's nuclear policy is characterized by unilateralism, aggression and coercion, the Obama administration's nuclear policy emphasizes multilateral cooperation and coordination. The ultimate goal of its nuclear policy is to eliminate all nuclear weapons and create a nuclear-free world, but the common denominator of these two nuclear strategies is to achieve the goal of US security hegemony. The essence of the "world without nuclear weapons" is to expand the superiority of the United States in the conventional military field by disarming other countries' nuclear weapons, so as to ensure the hegemonic position of the United States. Through comparative study, this paper draws two enlightenments from the future development of Sino-US relations: one is that Sino-US relations will present a situation of controllable friction in the future; the other is to be alert to the abduction of China by the United States on the nuclear issue.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D871.2
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 葉森;冷戰(zhàn)后美國的東亞戰(zhàn)略研究[D];中國海洋大學(xué);2012年
，本文編號：2147871
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