俄羅斯與烏茲別克斯坦關系的演變與特點
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-22 17:23
【摘要】：俄羅斯與烏茲別克斯坦的關系是俄羅斯與獨聯(lián)體國家關系中最重要的雙邊關系之一。本文從歷史的角度,分階段考察自1991年以來兩國政治、軍事、經(jīng)濟、人文關系的發(fā)展狀況和存在的問題,分析影響兩國關系的各種因素,從而揭示兩國關系發(fā)展的特點和規(guī)律。 俄烏關系的歷史源于沙俄對中亞的征服,俄烏在沙俄和蘇聯(lián)時期曾作為一個國家共同生活了100多年,這段歷史對俄烏關系具有一定的影響。自1992年3月俄烏建交以來,兩國對彼此的政策經(jīng)歷了一個發(fā)展演變的過程。蘇聯(lián)解體初期,烏茲別克斯坦對俄羅斯保持著慣性的依賴。而俄羅斯則奉行“親西方”外交,對中亞實行“甩包袱”政策。統(tǒng)一經(jīng)濟空間的斷裂使兩國經(jīng)濟合作水平大幅下降,烏茲別克斯坦出于鞏固政權的需要,努力減少俄語和俄羅斯文化的存在,大量俄語居民遷回俄羅斯,這些都對兩國關系產(chǎn)生了負面影響。然而塔吉克斯坦內戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)和阿富汗國內政局動蕩在一定程度上使俄羅斯放棄“甩包袱”政策,俄烏兩國共同倡導建立了集體安全條約。 上世紀90年代中后期俄美蜜月期結束后,俄羅斯徹底放棄“親西方”外交,轉而重視中亞,將中亞視為恢復大國地位的戰(zhàn)略依托。而烏茲別克斯坦逐漸擺脫國內危機,開始采取疏遠俄羅斯的政策。隨著俄美開始在中亞展開地緣政治爭奪,美國轉而重視烏茲別克斯坦,烏美關系有所發(fā)展。但1996年阿富汗塔利班勢力的壯大對地區(qū)安全造成威脅,這使烏無法遠離俄羅斯,雙方保持了密切的安全磋商。1998年末當確信塔利班不會對本國安全帶來威脅之后,烏茲別克斯坦迅速疏遠俄羅斯,并在美國的支持下,退出集體安全條約,并加入反俄的古阿姆集團。但美國無法在安全問題上取代俄羅斯,1999年夏至2000年夏當伊斯蘭極端主義威脅中亞時,烏茲別克斯坦再度尋求俄羅斯的安全援助。新世紀開始普京上臺,更加重視與中亞國家在雙邊基礎上發(fā)展經(jīng)濟合作,兩國經(jīng)濟和人文合作開始活躍�！�9.11”事件后烏美關系迅速升溫,美國成為中亞安全的保障者,俄烏關系陷于困境。 2003～2004年烏美關系惡化,烏茲別克斯坦修正親美外交,轉而采取平衡政策,俄烏結為戰(zhàn)略伙伴。2005年安集延事件發(fā)生后,為避免國際孤立,烏茲別克斯坦徹底投入俄羅斯的懷抱,兩國結為盟友,此后俄烏關系開始進入快速發(fā)展階段,兩國經(jīng)濟與人文合作水平不斷提升。2008年以來國際形勢發(fā)生顯著變化,烏美關系出現(xiàn)回暖,2011年奧巴馬政府宣布從阿富汗撤軍計劃后,烏美接近步伐明顯加快。2008年以來俄羅斯不斷加強對中亞的政策,考驗烏對獨聯(lián)體一體化的容忍度。俄羅斯還積極介入中亞水資源爭端,這導致烏從俄羅斯主導的地區(qū)一體化組織中退出。烏疏遠獨聯(lián)體多邊合作的政策并未導致俄烏合作的減少。兩國領導人依舊保持了定期的政治磋商,俄羅斯是烏茲別克斯坦最大的貿易伙伴國,烏國民學習俄語的興趣在逐年提升。 通過對俄烏關系發(fā)展演變歷史的考察,本文認為,基于共同的利益,安全、經(jīng)濟、人文因素是促成俄烏兩國合作的積極因素。烏出于對主權的敏感和保持自身行動自由的意愿,對俄羅斯倡導的地區(qū)一體化的消極態(tài)度是影響兩國關系發(fā)展的負面因素。美國出于地緣政治目的,與俄羅斯在中亞展開的爭奪始終是俄烏兩國發(fā)展關系道路上繞不過去的障礙。 展望未來,俄烏關系的發(fā)展充滿機遇與挑戰(zhàn)。在美國撤出阿富汗的背景下,阿富汗問題仍舊復雜,一時難以解決；俄烏在經(jīng)貿、能源、人文等方面的合作依然密切；烏即將舉行總統(tǒng)選舉,為了保持政權的平穩(wěn)交接,烏需要俄羅斯的支持,這對俄烏關系的繼續(xù)發(fā)展是有利的。但同時,俄烏關系也面臨著挑戰(zhàn)。俄羅斯能否在經(jīng)濟上成為烏的榜樣并滿足烏的投資需求；烏奉行俄美平衡外交政策,在發(fā)展對俄關系的同時,也積極為美國敞開合作的大門；烏政權能否順利實現(xiàn)更迭將對俄羅斯的中亞利益產(chǎn)生直接的影響,在中亞水資源問題上俄羅斯需要找到令雙方都滿意的解決方案；2014年之后美國顯然不打算放棄在中亞的存在,美國的新絲路計劃如何實施,這些都將對俄烏關系構成現(xiàn)實的挑戰(zhàn)。
[Abstract]:The relationship between Russia and Uzbekistan is one of the most important bilateral relations in the relations between Russia and the CIS. From a historical point of view, this article examines the development and existing problems of the political, military, economic and human relations between the two countries since 1991, and analyses the various factors that affect the relations between the two countries, thus revealing the two countries' relations. The characteristics and laws of the development.
The history of the relationship between Russia and Ukraine originated from the tsarist Russia's conquest of Central Asia. Russia and Ukraine lived together as a country in Russia and the Soviet Union for more than 100 years. This history has a certain influence on the relationship between Russia and Ukraine. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Russia and Ukraine in March 1992, the two countries have undergone a process of development and evolution. Kstan maintained its dependence on Russia, while Russia pursued a "Pro western" diplomacy and a policy of "throwing a burden" on Central Asia. The fracture of unified economic space reduced the level of economic cooperation between the two countries. In order to consolidate the political power, Uzbekistan tried to reduce the existence of Russian and Russian culture, and a large number of Russian languages. When the residents moved back to Russia, they all had a negative impact on the relationship between the two countries. However, the outbreak of the civil war in Tajikistan and the upheaval in Afghanistan made Russia give up the "burden of the burden" to some extent, and Russia and Ukraine jointly advocated the establishment of a collective security treaty.
After the end of the Russian and American honeymoon period in the middle and late 90s of last century, Russia gave up the "Pro western" diplomacy thoroughly and attached great importance to Central Asia, taking Central Asia as a strategic backing for the restoration of great power status. While Uzbekistan gradually broke away from the domestic crisis and began to adopt the policy of alienating Russia. The United States has turned to Uzbekistan and the US relations have developed. But in 1996, the growth of Taliban forces in Afghanistan poses a threat to regional security, which makes it impossible to stay away from Russia. The two sides maintain close security consultations at the end of.1998, when Uzbekistan is convinced that Taliban will not pose a threat to the country, Uzbekistan is rapidly estranged. Russia, with the support of the United States, pulled out of the collective security treaty and joined the anti Russian ancient AmAm group. But the United States was unable to replace Russia on security issues. When the Islamic extremism threatened Central Asia in the summer and 2000 of 1999, Uzbekistan was again seeking Russian security assistance. The new century began with Putin coming to power and heavier. In view of the bilateral economic and cultural cooperation with the Central Asian countries on the bilateral basis, the economic and human cooperation between the two countries began to be active. After the "9.11" incident, the umei relationship was rapidly warming up, the United States became a security guarantor of Central Asia and the Russian Ukraine relationship was in a difficult position.
In the 2003~2004 years, the relationship between the United States and the United States deteriorated. Uzbekistan amended the pro american diplomacy and adopted a balanced policy. After the outbreak of the Andijon incident in.2005, the Russian Ukraine knot was the strategic partner of the Andijon. In order to avoid international isolation, Uzbekistan was fully invested in the Russian arms, and the two countries were allied. After that, the relations between Russia and Ukraine began to enter the rapid development stage. The two countries began to enter the rapid development stage. The international situation of economic and human cooperation has been greatly improved since.2008, and the relationship between us and America has been warming up. In 2011, after the Obama administration announced the withdrawal of the army from Afghanistan, the close pace of umei obviously accelerated Russia's policy of strengthening the Central Asia since.2008, and tested the tolerance of the Ukraine to the integration of the CIS. The two countries' leaders still maintain regular political consultations, Russia is the largest trading partner in Uzbekistan, and the Ukraine is learning. The interest of Russian is increasing year by year.
Through the investigation of the history of the development and evolution of the relationship between Russia and Ukraine, this article holds that, based on the common interests, security, economy and human factors are the positive factors contributing to the cooperation between Russia and Ukraine. For the sake of geopolitical purpose, the struggle with Russia in Central Asia has always been a barrier to the development of relations between Russia and Ukraine.
In the future, the development of the relationship between Russia and Ukraine is full of opportunities and challenges. In the context of the withdrawal of Afghanistan, the issue of Afghanistan is still complex and difficult to solve for a moment. The cooperation between Russia and Ukraine in economic, economic, energy and humanities is still close; the presidential election is to be held in Ukraine. In order to keep the smooth transition of the regime, the Ukraine needs Russian support. But at the same time, the relationship between Russia and Ukraine is also facing challenges. Can Russia become an example of the Ukrainian economy and meet the investment needs of the Ukraine; to pursue a balanced foreign policy of Russia and the United States, and to open the door for cooperation for the United States while developing the relations between Russia and Russia; the smooth realization of the change of the Ukrainian regime. It will have a direct impact on the interests of Russia in Central Asia. Russia needs to find a solution that is satisfied with both sides in the water resources of Central Asia. After 2014, the United States obviously does not intend to give up its existence in Central Asia and how the new silk road plan is implemented in the United States, which will pose a realistic challenge to the relationship between Russia and Ukraine.
【學位授予單位】：北京外國語大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D851.2;D836.2
本文編號：2138202
[Abstract]:The relationship between Russia and Uzbekistan is one of the most important bilateral relations in the relations between Russia and the CIS. From a historical point of view, this article examines the development and existing problems of the political, military, economic and human relations between the two countries since 1991, and analyses the various factors that affect the relations between the two countries, thus revealing the two countries' relations. The characteristics and laws of the development.
The history of the relationship between Russia and Ukraine originated from the tsarist Russia's conquest of Central Asia. Russia and Ukraine lived together as a country in Russia and the Soviet Union for more than 100 years. This history has a certain influence on the relationship between Russia and Ukraine. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Russia and Ukraine in March 1992, the two countries have undergone a process of development and evolution. Kstan maintained its dependence on Russia, while Russia pursued a "Pro western" diplomacy and a policy of "throwing a burden" on Central Asia. The fracture of unified economic space reduced the level of economic cooperation between the two countries. In order to consolidate the political power, Uzbekistan tried to reduce the existence of Russian and Russian culture, and a large number of Russian languages. When the residents moved back to Russia, they all had a negative impact on the relationship between the two countries. However, the outbreak of the civil war in Tajikistan and the upheaval in Afghanistan made Russia give up the "burden of the burden" to some extent, and Russia and Ukraine jointly advocated the establishment of a collective security treaty.
After the end of the Russian and American honeymoon period in the middle and late 90s of last century, Russia gave up the "Pro western" diplomacy thoroughly and attached great importance to Central Asia, taking Central Asia as a strategic backing for the restoration of great power status. While Uzbekistan gradually broke away from the domestic crisis and began to adopt the policy of alienating Russia. The United States has turned to Uzbekistan and the US relations have developed. But in 1996, the growth of Taliban forces in Afghanistan poses a threat to regional security, which makes it impossible to stay away from Russia. The two sides maintain close security consultations at the end of.1998, when Uzbekistan is convinced that Taliban will not pose a threat to the country, Uzbekistan is rapidly estranged. Russia, with the support of the United States, pulled out of the collective security treaty and joined the anti Russian ancient AmAm group. But the United States was unable to replace Russia on security issues. When the Islamic extremism threatened Central Asia in the summer and 2000 of 1999, Uzbekistan was again seeking Russian security assistance. The new century began with Putin coming to power and heavier. In view of the bilateral economic and cultural cooperation with the Central Asian countries on the bilateral basis, the economic and human cooperation between the two countries began to be active. After the "9.11" incident, the umei relationship was rapidly warming up, the United States became a security guarantor of Central Asia and the Russian Ukraine relationship was in a difficult position.
In the 2003~2004 years, the relationship between the United States and the United States deteriorated. Uzbekistan amended the pro american diplomacy and adopted a balanced policy. After the outbreak of the Andijon incident in.2005, the Russian Ukraine knot was the strategic partner of the Andijon. In order to avoid international isolation, Uzbekistan was fully invested in the Russian arms, and the two countries were allied. After that, the relations between Russia and Ukraine began to enter the rapid development stage. The two countries began to enter the rapid development stage. The international situation of economic and human cooperation has been greatly improved since.2008, and the relationship between us and America has been warming up. In 2011, after the Obama administration announced the withdrawal of the army from Afghanistan, the close pace of umei obviously accelerated Russia's policy of strengthening the Central Asia since.2008, and tested the tolerance of the Ukraine to the integration of the CIS. The two countries' leaders still maintain regular political consultations, Russia is the largest trading partner in Uzbekistan, and the Ukraine is learning. The interest of Russian is increasing year by year.
Through the investigation of the history of the development and evolution of the relationship between Russia and Ukraine, this article holds that, based on the common interests, security, economy and human factors are the positive factors contributing to the cooperation between Russia and Ukraine. For the sake of geopolitical purpose, the struggle with Russia in Central Asia has always been a barrier to the development of relations between Russia and Ukraine.
In the future, the development of the relationship between Russia and Ukraine is full of opportunities and challenges. In the context of the withdrawal of Afghanistan, the issue of Afghanistan is still complex and difficult to solve for a moment. The cooperation between Russia and Ukraine in economic, economic, energy and humanities is still close; the presidential election is to be held in Ukraine. In order to keep the smooth transition of the regime, the Ukraine needs Russian support. But at the same time, the relationship between Russia and Ukraine is also facing challenges. Can Russia become an example of the Ukrainian economy and meet the investment needs of the Ukraine; to pursue a balanced foreign policy of Russia and the United States, and to open the door for cooperation for the United States while developing the relations between Russia and Russia; the smooth realization of the change of the Ukrainian regime. It will have a direct impact on the interests of Russia in Central Asia. Russia needs to find a solution that is satisfied with both sides in the water resources of Central Asia. After 2014, the United States obviously does not intend to give up its existence in Central Asia and how the new silk road plan is implemented in the United States, which will pose a realistic challenge to the relationship between Russia and Ukraine.
【學位授予單位】：北京外國語大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D851.2;D836.2
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