奧巴馬就任總統(tǒng)以來美對俄政策的變化
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-18 18:52
【摘要】： 美俄關(guān)系是當(dāng)今世界上最重要的雙邊關(guān)系之一,這是由美國和俄羅斯的國家實(shí)力和國際地位決定的,也是由他們的國際戰(zhàn)略和外交政策具有很強(qiáng)的全球影響力這一現(xiàn)實(shí)決定的。但是,美俄關(guān)系的發(fā)展歷程并非一帆風(fēng)順。本文旨在考察奧巴馬就任總統(tǒng)以后美國的對俄政策及由此帶來的美俄關(guān)系的變化。 本文第一部分著重分析了奧巴馬上臺時繼承的美俄關(guān)系的遺產(chǎn)。奧巴馬接手的美國,面臨著一系列棘手的問題需要處理,特別是伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭、阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭和金融危機(jī)。同時,美國在國際格局中的地位相對下降,在全球的國際形象大幅下挫。而此時的俄羅斯在“梅普體制”下,穩(wěn)步向前發(fā)展。美俄關(guān)系在奧巴馬上臺時已經(jīng)陷入僵局,雙邊關(guān)系彌漫著互不信任情緒及戰(zhàn)略抵觸態(tài)勢。美俄關(guān)系的惡化對美國產(chǎn)生了不利影響,因此,著手“重啟”美俄關(guān)系成為奧巴馬的一大外交任務(wù)。 本文第二部分著重考察了奧巴馬“重啟”美俄關(guān)系的進(jìn)程,并分析了其實(shí)質(zhì)。一年多來,奧巴馬通過主動調(diào)整,不斷釋放“重啟”信息,并以核武器談判等問題為突破口,推動了美俄關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)暖。縱觀這一時期美俄關(guān)系的變化,與布什政府相比,繼承與變革并存,在表象上,變革大于繼承;與同時期奧巴馬對其他國家和地區(qū)相比,總體步伐一致。 本文第三部分著重分析了推動奧巴馬“重啟”美俄關(guān)系的原因。美俄關(guān)系的新變化,源于美國國內(nèi)的變化、俄羅斯的反應(yīng)及國際環(huán)境的影響這三個方面。在美國國內(nèi)層面,奧巴馬團(tuán)隊尤其是其本人因素、美國國內(nèi)思潮變化尤其是學(xué)者的反思建言起到了主導(dǎo)作用。在俄羅斯方面,俄羅斯的積極回應(yīng)注入了美俄關(guān)系持續(xù)回暖的動力。在全球?qū)用?一系列嚴(yán)峻的國際問題現(xiàn)實(shí)客觀上要求美俄擔(dān)負(fù)起各自責(zé)任,同時,國際社會普遍對美俄關(guān)系改善充滿期待,樂觀其成。 本文第四部分著重分析了影響美俄關(guān)系發(fā)展的幾個問題。奧巴馬對俄政策能否延續(xù)及能否得到國內(nèi)普遍支持的不確定性,俄羅斯對美回應(yīng)的不確定性,以及美俄關(guān)系固有的深層心理矛盾,這三方面因素決定了未來美俄關(guān)系出現(xiàn)一定的徘徊不可避免,期待美俄關(guān)系出現(xiàn)大的轉(zhuǎn)圜也不現(xiàn)實(shí)。 文章最后認(rèn)為,在多種因素的推動下,奧巴馬一年多來對俄關(guān)系的“重啟”,取得了一定成績,產(chǎn)生了比較積極的影響,但雙邊關(guān)系的大部分議題仍是懸而未決�？傮w穩(wěn)定、局部沖突,仍將是美俄關(guān)系的基調(diào),“伙伴——競爭對手”的復(fù)合關(guān)系將是美俄關(guān)系的常態(tài)。
[Abstract]:The relationship between the United States and Russia is one of the most important bilateral relations in the world today, which is determined by the national strength and international status of the United States and Russia, as well as by the fact that their international strategy and foreign policy have strong global influence. However, the course of development of American-Russian relations is not smooth sailing. The purpose of this paper is to examine the American policy toward Russia and the changes in its relations since Obama took office. The first part of this paper focuses on Obama's inheritance of American-Russian relations when he came to power. Obama inherited the United States, facing a series of difficult issues to deal with, in particular the war in Iraq, the war in Afghanistan and the financial crisis. At the same time, the status of the United States in the international structure of the relative decline in the global image of a sharp decline. At this time, Russia in the "Meip system," steady forward development. Relations between the US and Russia were already deadlocked when Obama took office, with distrust and strategic resistance permeating bilateral relations. The deterioration of U.S.-Russian relations has had a negative impact on the United States, so it has become a major diplomatic task for Obama to "restart" US-Russian relations. The second part focuses on the process of Obama's "restarting" American-Russian relations, and analyzes its essence. For more than a year, Obama has driven the warming of US-Russia relations by actively adjusting, constantly releasing the message of "restarting", and using issues such as nuclear weapons negotiations as a breakthrough. Looking at the changes in U.S.-Russia relations in this period, compared with the Bush administration, inheritance and change coexist, in appearance, change is greater than inheritance; compared with other countries and regions in the same period, the overall pace of Obama is consistent. The third part of this paper analyzes the reasons why Obama "restarts" the relationship between Russia and America. The new changes in American-Russian relations stem from the changes in the United States, Russia's reaction and the impact of the international environment. At the domestic level, the Obama team, especially its own factors, the changes in the trend of thought in the United States, especially scholars' reflection and advice played a leading role. On the Russian side, Russia's positive response has injected momentum for continued warming in US-Russian relations. At the global level, a series of severe international problems objectively require the United States and Russia to shoulder their respective responsibilities. At the same time, the international community is generally full of expectations and optimism about the improvement of US-Russia relations. The fourth part of this paper focuses on the analysis of several issues affecting the development of American-Russian relations. Obama's uncertainty about whether his Russian policy can continue and whether he can gain general support at home, the uncertainty of Russia's response to the United States, and the deep psychological contradictions inherent in US-Russian relations, These three factors determine that the future U.S.-Russian relations are inevitable, and it is not realistic to expect a big turnaround in U.S.-Russian relations. Finally, under the impetus of various factors, Obama has made some achievements in "restarting" relations with Russia over the past year, which has had a relatively positive impact, but most of the issues in bilateral relations are still unresolved. Overall stability and local conflicts will remain the keynote of U.S.-Russian relations, and the compound relationship of "partner-competitor" will be the normal state of US-Russian relations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D871.2
本文編號：2132666
[Abstract]:The relationship between the United States and Russia is one of the most important bilateral relations in the world today, which is determined by the national strength and international status of the United States and Russia, as well as by the fact that their international strategy and foreign policy have strong global influence. However, the course of development of American-Russian relations is not smooth sailing. The purpose of this paper is to examine the American policy toward Russia and the changes in its relations since Obama took office. The first part of this paper focuses on Obama's inheritance of American-Russian relations when he came to power. Obama inherited the United States, facing a series of difficult issues to deal with, in particular the war in Iraq, the war in Afghanistan and the financial crisis. At the same time, the status of the United States in the international structure of the relative decline in the global image of a sharp decline. At this time, Russia in the "Meip system," steady forward development. Relations between the US and Russia were already deadlocked when Obama took office, with distrust and strategic resistance permeating bilateral relations. The deterioration of U.S.-Russian relations has had a negative impact on the United States, so it has become a major diplomatic task for Obama to "restart" US-Russian relations. The second part focuses on the process of Obama's "restarting" American-Russian relations, and analyzes its essence. For more than a year, Obama has driven the warming of US-Russia relations by actively adjusting, constantly releasing the message of "restarting", and using issues such as nuclear weapons negotiations as a breakthrough. Looking at the changes in U.S.-Russia relations in this period, compared with the Bush administration, inheritance and change coexist, in appearance, change is greater than inheritance; compared with other countries and regions in the same period, the overall pace of Obama is consistent. The third part of this paper analyzes the reasons why Obama "restarts" the relationship between Russia and America. The new changes in American-Russian relations stem from the changes in the United States, Russia's reaction and the impact of the international environment. At the domestic level, the Obama team, especially its own factors, the changes in the trend of thought in the United States, especially scholars' reflection and advice played a leading role. On the Russian side, Russia's positive response has injected momentum for continued warming in US-Russian relations. At the global level, a series of severe international problems objectively require the United States and Russia to shoulder their respective responsibilities. At the same time, the international community is generally full of expectations and optimism about the improvement of US-Russia relations. The fourth part of this paper focuses on the analysis of several issues affecting the development of American-Russian relations. Obama's uncertainty about whether his Russian policy can continue and whether he can gain general support at home, the uncertainty of Russia's response to the United States, and the deep psychological contradictions inherent in US-Russian relations, These three factors determine that the future U.S.-Russian relations are inevitable, and it is not realistic to expect a big turnaround in U.S.-Russian relations. Finally, under the impetus of various factors, Obama has made some achievements in "restarting" relations with Russia over the past year, which has had a relatively positive impact, but most of the issues in bilateral relations are still unresolved. Overall stability and local conflicts will remain the keynote of U.S.-Russian relations, and the compound relationship of "partner-competitor" will be the normal state of US-Russian relations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D871.2
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 秦偉;從“金磚四國”的崛起看國際體系的效應(yīng)[D];上海社會科學(xué)院;2011年
，本文編號：2132666
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shekelunwen/waijiao/2132666.html
最近更新
教材專著
