【摘要】：從20世紀(jì)50年代到60年代，中蘇論戰(zhàn)持續(xù)了近十年時(shí)間，中蘇兩黨也由最初的思想分歧發(fā)展成兩黨關(guān)系的惡化，最終導(dǎo)致中蘇關(guān)系的破裂。論戰(zhàn)對(duì)中蘇兩國、國際共產(chǎn)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)都帶來了深刻的影響。今天，我們?cè)诳偨Y(jié)這場(chǎng)論戰(zhàn)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)雙方都存在問題，有些觀點(diǎn)有失偏頗，有些觀點(diǎn)可能還要引起爭論。對(duì)中蘇論戰(zhàn)期間關(guān)于斯大林問題的重新認(rèn)識(shí)，有助于我們?cè)谔剿饔兄袊厣纳鐣?huì)主義道路上邁出新的步伐，對(duì)于在當(dāng)今發(fā)展馬克思主義具有重要的理論與實(shí)踐意義。 本文在結(jié)構(gòu)上共分為三個(gè)部分： 第一部分論述中蘇關(guān)于斯大林問題論戰(zhàn)的背景，即“秘密報(bào)告”發(fā)表。赫魯曉夫在報(bào)告中揭露和批判了斯大林所犯的個(gè)人崇拜與破壞社會(huì)主義法制的錯(cuò)誤，以及指揮衛(wèi)國戰(zhàn)中的失誤。隨即在蘇聯(lián)國內(nèi)和國際社會(huì)都產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。社會(huì)主義陣營的思想混亂，西方資本主義勢(shì)力趁機(jī)攻擊社會(huì)主義制度，中蘇兩黨在斯大林問題上展開論戰(zhàn)。 第二部分論述中蘇關(guān)于斯大林問題論戰(zhàn)的內(nèi)容，主要從三個(gè)方面論述：第一，赫魯曉夫“秘密報(bào)告”并未全盤否定斯大林，而中共認(rèn)為赫魯曉夫全盤否定了斯大林；第二，中蘇關(guān)于斯大林功過的評(píng)價(jià)問題。毛澤東主張斯大林是三分錯(cuò)誤，七分成績,“三七開”的評(píng)價(jià)比較合適。而蘇聯(lián)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人并未肯定斯大林功大于過還是功小于過。斯大林的功過雖然不能“五五開”，但至少應(yīng)該是“四六開”，“三七開”的評(píng)價(jià)有失公平；第三，中蘇兩黨關(guān)于個(gè)人崇拜問題的認(rèn)識(shí)。馬克思主義反對(duì)任何形式的個(gè)人崇拜，，毛澤東提出要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)膫�(gè)人崇拜，有悖于馬克思主義理論。毛澤東維護(hù)斯大林就是為了維護(hù)自己在社會(huì)主義建設(shè)中的嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤，不是出于公心。 第三部分:中蘇關(guān)于斯大林問題論戰(zhàn)的教訓(xùn)和啟示。在論戰(zhàn)中，雙方的觀點(diǎn)都存在一定的錯(cuò)誤。論戰(zhàn)的直接結(jié)果導(dǎo)致了中蘇兩國關(guān)系的破裂，惡化了中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展環(huán)境，蘇聯(lián)在社會(huì)主義國家的威信也大大降低。雙方只有互相尊重才能贏得共贏。
[Abstract]:From the 1950s to the 1960s, the Sino-Soviet debate lasted for nearly ten years, and the Sino-Soviet Party also developed from the initial ideological differences to the deterioration of the relationship between the two parties, which eventually led to the breakdown of the Sino-Soviet relationship. The controversy has had a profound impact on both China and the Soviet Union, as well as on the international communist movement. Today, in summing up the debate, we find that there are problems on both sides, some are biased and some may be controversial. A new understanding of Stalin during the Sino-Soviet debate will help us to take new steps in exploring the socialist road with Chinese characteristics and has important theoretical and practical significance for the development of Marxism today. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part discusses the background of the Sino-Soviet controversy on Stalin, that is, the Secret report. In his report, Khrushchev exposed and criticized Stalin's mistakes in personality worship and the destruction of socialist legal system, as well as in directing the war against the motherland. Then there was a profound influence both within the Soviet Union and in the international community. The ideology of the socialist camp was confused, the western capitalist forces attacked the socialist system, and the Chinese and Soviet parties debated over Stalin. The second part discusses the contents of the Sino-Soviet debate on Stalin from three aspects: first, Khrushchev's "secret report" does not completely negate Stalin, while the Chinese Communists believe that Khrushchev totally negated Stalin; second, The evaluation of Stalin's merits and demerits between China and the Soviet Union. Mao Zedong argued that Stalin was three-point wrong, seven points score, "three-seven open" evaluation is more appropriate. Soviet leaders were not sure whether Stalin had done more or less. Although Stalin's merits and demerits could not be "opened up in May and May," they should at least be appraised as "four or six" and "three Seven"; third, the Chinese and Soviet parties' understanding of the issue of personality cult. Marxism is opposed to any form of personality cult, Mao Zedong proposes to carry out appropriate personality cult, which is contrary to Marxist theory. Mao Zedong's defense of Stalin was to defend his serious mistakes in socialist construction, not out of public will. The third part: the lessons and enlightenment of the Sino-Soviet controversy on Stalin. In the debate, there were certain errors in the views of both sides. The direct result of the controversy was the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations, the deterioration of China's economic development environment, and the decline of the Soviet Union's prestige in socialist countries. Mutual respect is the only way to win a win-win situation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：魯東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D822.3;D851.2

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