【摘要】：和平是人類的終極目標(biāo)之一。諾貝爾和平獎的設(shè)立就是為了促進(jìn)實(shí)現(xiàn)人類的和平共處。自1901年首次頒發(fā)以來,諾貝爾和平獎已經(jīng)走過了一百多年的歷史。在這一百多年里,人類經(jīng)歷了有史以來兩次最為慘烈的戰(zhàn)爭,至今世界仍不安寧,在一些敏感地區(qū),沖突不斷,暴力時(shí)有發(fā)生。人類文明發(fā)展到今天,和平似乎仍然遙不可及。盡管如此,人們并沒有對和平失去希望,諾貝爾和平獎一百多年的歷史就是證明。 本文將諾貝爾和平獎置于國際關(guān)系的視野中進(jìn)行考察。在時(shí)間的劃分上,作者將國際關(guān)系史與諾貝爾和平獎的歷史結(jié)合在一起,把諾貝爾和平獎的歷史分成了六個(gè)階段,構(gòu)成了本文的六章內(nèi)容。第一章主要介紹了“和平”的概念、諾貝爾和平獎頒發(fā)的歷史背景、頒獎機(jī)制、諾貝爾和平獎所體現(xiàn)的自由主義基本理念。第二章至第五章將諾貝爾和平獎110年的歷史分為四個(gè)時(shí)期,分別介紹了每個(gè)時(shí)期諾貝爾和平獎的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及主要特點(diǎn),對所涉及的諾貝爾和平獎得主作出了簡要介紹。第一個(gè)時(shí)期是1901-1918年。一戰(zhàn)結(jié)束之前的諾貝爾和平獎主要側(cè)重于對有組織的和平運(yùn)動領(lǐng)袖及國際法學(xué)家的獎勵。這一時(shí)期有關(guān)諾貝爾和平獎的爭論與人道主義有關(guān),即人道主義是否有助于和平。諾貝爾和平獎委員會對此問題的回答是肯定的。第二個(gè)時(shí)期是1919-1943年。兩次大戰(zhàn)期間,特別是1920年代,與歐洲民間及外交界普遍的和平預(yù)期相呼應(yīng),諾貝爾和平獎委員會通過頒發(fā)和平獎而表現(xiàn)出對國際和平機(jī)制建設(shè)的熱情,但是脆弱的國際和平機(jī)制并沒有經(jīng)受住國際政治現(xiàn)實(shí)的考驗(yàn),此間的部分諾貝爾和平獎也沒有經(jīng)受住時(shí)間的考驗(yàn)。第三個(gè)時(shí)期是1944-1990年。二戰(zhàn)后不久,隨著以美蘇為首的東西方陣營的成立,整個(gè)世界處于冷戰(zhàn)的陰影之下,諾貝爾和平獎的頒發(fā)也不例外。斯大林國際和平獎(后改為列寧國際和平獎)一度與諾貝爾和平獎在意識形態(tài)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)形成“兩極”對立狀態(tài)。此間的諾貝爾和平獎出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新的動向,那就是對人權(quán)的關(guān)注。與此同時(shí),諾貝爾和平獎委員會對核裁軍的態(tài)度也逐漸由支持西方國家立場向完全反對核軍備競賽轉(zhuǎn)變。第四個(gè)時(shí)期是1991年至今。冷戰(zhàn)之后,諾貝爾和平獎委員會對“和平”的理解更為寬泛了,一些“問題領(lǐng)域”如發(fā)展問題、環(huán)境問題也成為諾貝爾和平獎關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。第六章主要是對諾貝爾和平獎的總體評價(jià),包括發(fā)展趨勢、備受關(guān)注的原因、及其對人類和平文化的貢獻(xiàn)。 論文的創(chuàng)新之處是在國際關(guān)系的視野內(nèi)對諾貝爾和平獎進(jìn)行了理論上的分析,這種分析在前五章的最后一節(jié)以理論解讀的形式出現(xiàn),題目分別是:自由主義—諾貝爾和平獎所奉行的基本理念、人道主義有助于戰(zhàn)爭還是和平、挪威人視野中的和平還是全球視野中的和平、正義和平還是秩序和平、國際制度理論—觀察諾貝爾和平獎的一個(gè)新視野。通過理論解析,文章得出結(jié)論:諾貝爾和平獎體現(xiàn)了西方的自由主義傳統(tǒng);諾貝爾和平獎委員會認(rèn)為人道主義也是促進(jìn)和平的一種手段;諾貝爾和平獎在肯定秩序和平的基礎(chǔ)上追求的是一種正義和平;可以從建構(gòu)主義國際制度理論的視角對諾貝爾和平獎進(jìn)行詮釋——有著百余年歷史的諾貝爾和平獎已經(jīng)成為一種國際制度,這種國際制度在一定程度上是有效的。
[Abstract]:Peace is one of the ultimate goals of human beings. The Nobel peace prize is set up to promote the peaceful coexistence of human beings. Since the first issue of the 1901, the Nobel Peace Prize has gone through the history of more than 100 years. In these more than 100 years, human beings have experienced the two worst wars in history, and the world is still unpeaceful so far. Some sensitive areas, conflicts, and violence happen. Human civilization has developed to today, and peace still seems to be unreachable. Even so, people have not lost hope of peace. The history of the more than 100 year of the Nobel peace prize is a proof.
In this paper, the Nobel peace prize is examined in the view of international relations. In the division of time, the author combines the history of international relations with the history of the Nobel Peace Prize together, divides the history of Nobel Peace Prize into six stages, and constitutes the six chapter of this article. The first chapter introduces the concept of "peace", Norbert The historical background of the awarding of the peace prize, the awarding mechanism and the basic liberalism embodied in the Nobel peace prize. The second to fifth chapters divide the history of the 110 year Nobel Peace Prize into four periods, and respectively introduce the development and main characteristics of the Nobel peace prize at each period, and make a contribution to the Nobel Peace Prize winner involved. A brief introduction. The first period was 1901-1918 years. The Nobel Peace Prize before the end of the first World War was mainly focused on the award of organized peace movement leaders and international jurists. The debate on the Nobel Peace Prize in this period was related to humanitarianism, that is, whether humanitarianism helps peace. The Nobel peace Prize Committee The answer was affirmative. The second period was 1919-1943 years. During the two World War, especially in 1920s, it echoed the universal peace expectations of the European Civil and diplomatic circles. The Nobel Peace Prize Committee showed the heat of the construction of the international peace mechanism by the award of the peace prize, but the fragile International peace mechanism did not pass. Under the test of international political reality, part of the Nobel peace prize was not tested. Third periods were 1944-1990 years. Shortly after World War II, with the establishment of the eastern and Western camps headed by the United States and the Soviet Union, the whole world was under the shadow of the cold war, and the award of the Nobel peace prize was no exception. Stalin international peace. The prize (later changed to the Lenin International Peace Prize) was once opposed to the "two poles" in the ideological field with the Nobel peace prize. There was a new trend in the Nobel peace prize, which was the attention to human rights. At the same time, the Nobel Peace Prize Committee's attitude towards nuclear disarmament was gradually supported by the stand of western countries. The fourth period was from 1991 to the present. After the cold war, the Nobel Peace Prize Committee has more broad understanding of "peace". Some "problem areas" such as development and environmental issues have become the focus of the Nobel peace prize. The sixth chapter is mainly the overall evaluation of the Nobel peace prize, It includes the trend of development, the cause of concern and its contribution to the culture of human peace.
The innovation of this paper is the theoretical analysis of the Nobel Peace Prize in the view of international relations. This analysis appears in the last section of the first five chapters in the form of theoretical interpretation. The title is the basic idea of the liberal Nobel peace prize, which is helpful to war or peace, and the Norwegian people's vision. Peace in the global vision, the peace in the world, the peace of justice or order, the theory of international systems, a new view of the Nobel peace prize. Through theoretical analysis, the article concludes that the Nobel Peace Prize embodies the liberal tradition of the West; Nobel and the Peace Prize Committee believe that humanitarianism is also a promotion of peace. One means; the Nobel peace prize, on the basis of the affirmative peace, is pursuing a kind of just peace; the Nobel peace prize can be interpreted from the perspective of the constructivist international system theory - the Nobel peace prize of more than 100 years has become an international system, and this international system is to a certain extent It works.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D80

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本文編號：2124027