本文選題：“9.11” + 海洋安全戰(zhàn)略��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：歷經(jīng)兩次世界大戰(zhàn)的洗禮，美國最終實現(xiàn)了世界海洋霸主的夢想。冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，美國海軍也隨著前蘇聯(lián)勢力的消失而成為了世界海軍的霸主。亞太海域周邊聚集著中、日、俄等大國，同時也存在著朝鮮半島，南海等潛在沖突，其地緣戰(zhàn)略形勢極為復(fù)雜。“9.11”后，美國調(diào)整其國家安全戰(zhàn)略，并借“反恐”之名，加大對亞太地區(qū)的軍事投入；同時，伴隨亞太地區(qū)經(jīng)濟戰(zhàn)略地位的提升，亞太海域局勢出現(xiàn)新變化，中國海軍也隨著國力的提升而得到進一步發(fā)展。然而，美國卻不能容忍亞太地區(qū)有崛起的中國存在，尤其是中國海軍力量的提升。近些年來，美國不斷以“中國軍事威脅論”為由，調(diào)整其戰(zhàn)略，向該地區(qū)擴大軍事存在，同時加強同日、韓的軍事同盟關(guān)系，頻繁舉行聯(lián)合軍演，使得這一地區(qū)戰(zhàn)略安全形勢更加復(fù)雜，區(qū)域性沖突不斷，對中國周邊安全環(huán)境構(gòu)成極大威脅。面對美國亞太海洋安全戰(zhàn)略的調(diào)整，中國的海洋安全、地緣安全及能源安全均受到了極大的影響。中國必須調(diào)整思維，轉(zhuǎn)變自古是大陸國家的舊觀念，發(fā)展海權(quán)以維護國家海洋安全和穩(wěn)定；同時還要處理好與美國、日本以及東盟鄰國的關(guān)系，加強交流與合作，保持長久的穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展。 文章分四個部分。 第一部分，以“9.11”為界限，從國內(nèi)和國際兩個層面分析了美國亞太海洋安全戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整的背景。國內(nèi)層面主要是美國受“9.11”襲擊事件的影響，開始調(diào)整其國家安全戰(zhàn)略，即由“基于威脅”到“基于能力”的轉(zhuǎn)變；國際層面上主要是從“9.11”后亞太海域出現(xiàn)的新形勢分析，世界各國隨著經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展，資源需求與日俱增，而亞太海域不但具有重要的地緣戰(zhàn)略價值，同時還具有重要的經(jīng)濟價值，海洋富含豐富的資源，致使海上競爭日趨激烈，海上安全也日漸脆弱。同時伴隨中國國力的提升，其海軍力量也開始進一步發(fā)展，然而美國卻以“中國軍事威脅論”為由調(diào)整戰(zhàn)略，其全球戰(zhàn)略重心也開始明顯向亞太轉(zhuǎn)移。 第二部分，分析美國海洋安全戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整的內(nèi)容。文章分別從調(diào)整的目標(biāo)、表現(xiàn)及特點加以分析：在調(diào)整目標(biāo)上，從國際戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)與軍事目標(biāo)兩個方面著手，揭露了冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后美國意欲繼續(xù)發(fā)揮其在亞太主導(dǎo)地位的戰(zhàn)略企圖；在調(diào)整的表現(xiàn)方面，文章主要從美國在“9.11”后出臺的一系列政策文件，倡議以及戰(zhàn)略等來具體分析美國海洋安全戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整的行為；在調(diào)整的特點上，主要由上述的政策文件歸納出了三個特點：以海權(quán)實力確保海上安全，以全球合作來確保美國主導(dǎo)，以安全防御來確保利益拓展。 第三部分，也是文章論述的重點部分，即美國海洋安全戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整對中國的影響。任何影響都有兩面性，文章從不利影響入手，主要從對中國的海洋安全、地緣安全及能源安全的影響分析�！�9.11”后美國在中國海上頻頻出擊，打著“重返亞洲”的旗號，戰(zhàn)略重心直指中國。東海、黃海以及南海上空風(fēng)云驟起，海洋安全似乎也成了當(dāng)前困擾中國外交的最大難題；對地緣安全的影響，文章選擇了對中日關(guān)系，中國與東盟關(guān)系及朝鮮半島局勢的影響來分析中國與領(lǐng)國之間由于美國戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整產(chǎn)生的不利影響；能源安全方面，美國亞太海洋安全戰(zhàn)略的調(diào)整對能源相對匱乏的中國也產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重的影響。中國能源嚴(yán)重依賴進口，一定程度上要求中國正確發(fā)展同美國及周邊國家的關(guān)系以避免由此產(chǎn)生的風(fēng)險。盡管美國戰(zhàn)略的調(diào)整對中國的安全構(gòu)成了極大威脅，但中美雙方在一些全球事務(wù)上仍需要加強合作，而保持兩國穩(wěn)定發(fā)展也是符合兩國的共同國家利益。因此，對于中美兩國來說，只有加強交流與合作，才能保持持久的穩(wěn)定。 第四部分，，探索性地提出中國的戰(zhàn)略選擇。中國一方面要發(fā)展以航母為中心的遠洋海軍，加強海洋防衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)略同時擴大海洋防衛(wèi)縱深，通過提升實力來維護國家的海洋安全和穩(wěn)定；另一方面，加強與美國、日本以及東南亞鄰國的溝通與交流，發(fā)揮主觀能動性，遠交近睦，以柔克剛。
[Abstract]:After the baptism of the two World War, the United States finally realized the dream of the world's maritime hegemony. After the end of the cold war, the United States Navy has become the hegemon of the world Navy with the disappearance of the former Soviet Union forces. The Asia Pacific sea area is surrounded by China, Japan and Russia, as well as potential conflicts, such as the Korean Peninsula, the South China Sea, and its geopolitical strategy. After 9.11, the United States adjusted its national security strategy and increased its military input to the Asia Pacific region by the name of "counter-terrorism". At the same time, with the promotion of the strategic position of the Asia Pacific region, the situation of the Asia Pacific sea area has changed, and the Chinese navy has been further developed with the promotion of national strength. However, the United States can not. In recent years, the United States has been adjusting its strategy and expanding its military existence to the region on the basis of the "Chinese military threat theory", at the same time strengthening its military alliances and frequent joint military exercises to make the strategic security situation in the region more important. With the complexity and regional conflict, it poses a great threat to the security environment around China. Facing the adjustment of the Asia Pacific Ocean security strategy, China's marine safety, geo security and energy security have been greatly affected. China must adjust its thinking, transform the old idea of great Lu Guojia, and develop the sea power to safeguard the national ocean. At the same time, we must also handle relations with the United States, Japan and ASEAN neighbors, strengthen exchanges and cooperation, and maintain long-term stability and development.
The article is divided into four parts.
The first part, with the "9.11" as the boundary, analyzes the background of the strategic adjustment of the Asia Pacific Ocean Security in the United States from two levels, both at home and abroad. The domestic level is mainly the impact of the "9.11" attack on the United States, which begins to adjust its national security strategy, that is, the "threat based" to "ability based" transformation; the international level is mainly on the international level. After the "9.11", the new situation of the Asia Pacific sea area has been analyzed. With the rapid development of the economy, the demand for resources is increasing, and the Asia Pacific sea area not only has important geo strategic value, but also has important economic value. The ocean is rich in resources, which makes the competition in the sea increasingly fierce, and the safety of the sea is also increasingly fragile. At the same time, with the promotion of China's national strength, its naval forces have also begun to develop further. However, the United States has adjusted its strategy on the basis of "China's military threat theory", and its global strategic focus has begun to shift significantly to the Asia Pacific.
The second part analyses the content of the strategic adjustment of American marine security. The article analyzes the objectives, performance and characteristics of the adjustment: on the adjustment goal, from the two aspects of the international strategic target and the military target, the United States intends to continue to play its strategic attempt in the Asia Pacific leading position after the end of the cold war; and the readjustment table is made. In this regard, the article mainly analyzes the behavior of the strategic adjustment of American marine security from a series of policy documents, initiatives and strategies after the "9.11". In the characteristics of the adjustment, it mainly concludes three characteristics by the policy documents mentioned above: to ensure maritime security by sea power, and to ensure the United States by global cooperation. Leading, with security defense to ensure the development of interests.
The third part is also the key part of the article, that is, the impact of American maritime security strategy adjustment on China. Any impact has two sides. From the adverse effects, the article mainly analyzes the impact of the adverse effects on China's marine safety, geo security and energy security. "9.11", the United States has hit the sea frequently in China and hit "return to Asia" after "9.11". On the flag of the continent, the strategic center of gravity directly refers to China, the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea and the South China Sea, and the sea security seems to be the most difficult problem that plagued China's diplomacy. In terms of energy security, the adjustment of the Asia Pacific Ocean security strategy has also had a serious impact on China's relative lack of energy. China's energy is heavily dependent on imports, to some extent, to a certain extent, to the correct development of China's relations with the United States and its neighboring countries in order to avoid the resulting risks. The adjustment of the United States strategy poses a great threat to China's security, but the two sides still need to strengthen cooperation in some global affairs. And maintaining the stable development of the two countries is also in the interests of the two countries. Therefore, only by strengthening exchanges and cooperation, China and the United States can maintain lasting stability.
In the fourth part, the strategic choice of China is put forward. On the one hand, China should develop the ocean Navy with the carrier as the center, strengthen the marine defense strategy and expand the depth of marine defense, and maintain the national marine security and stability by enhancing its strength; on the other hand, strengthen communication and communication with the United States, Japan and the neighbouring countries of Southeast Asia. We should give full play to our initiative and make good use of our strength.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D871.2;D82

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