本文選題：俄羅斯 + 北極戰(zhàn)略��； 參考：《中國海洋大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：進入21世紀以來，北極地區(qū)的戰(zhàn)略重要性不斷增長，并且已經逐步列入全球地緣政治和經濟日程，它不僅與這一地區(qū)內的國家相關，也與本地區(qū)之外的世界大國密切相關�？梢灶A期，隨著全球經濟的不斷發(fā)展，針對能源資源爭奪和海上運輸安全，在北極地區(qū)的全球競爭將會日趨激烈。北極地區(qū)在世界范圍內居于獨特的地緣位置,在特定的條件和環(huán)境下更容易進入別國的戰(zhàn)略視野,因此突顯著重要的地緣戰(zhàn)略價值。俄羅斯作為瀕臨北冰洋同時擁有北極圈內最長海岸線的國家，尤其關注自己在北極地區(qū)的戰(zhàn)略利益,這不僅是由于北極地區(qū)是俄羅斯今后的資源戰(zhàn)略基地，還因為北極航道是俄羅斯未來的國家運輸干線，更在于北極海域是俄羅斯長久的戰(zhàn)略安全屏障。 2009年3月30日俄羅斯政府正式公布了本國首部關于開發(fā)俄屬北極地區(qū)的綱領性文件—《2020年前俄羅斯聯(lián)邦北極地區(qū)國家政策原則及遠景規(guī)劃》，該文件是一份全面的、系統(tǒng)的、綜合性的指導綱領，是國家大戰(zhàn)略的組成部分，，決定了俄羅斯國家經濟的發(fā)展動向和北極地緣政治的未來走勢。從啟動這項國家政策三年多的進展來看，俄羅斯已經在俄屬北極地區(qū)的開發(fā)中取得了顯著的成就，尤其是在能源資源的開發(fā)和北極航道的建設方面。為適應國內外政治經濟環(huán)境的變化和挑戰(zhàn)，俄羅斯政府于2009年11月13日公布了《2030年前俄羅斯能源戰(zhàn)略》，修正和完善了2003年公布的《2020年前俄羅斯能源戰(zhàn)略》，從而形成了比較系統(tǒng)和全面的俄羅斯國家能源長期的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，由此逐漸加快了對北極地區(qū)能源資源開發(fā)的步伐。能源在俄羅斯的國家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略中一直處于重要地位，隨著原有資源基地開采量的逐年減少，開辟與控制新的能源基地對于俄羅斯具有重要的戰(zhàn)略意義。在當今世界范圍內能源資源消耗日漸加大的背景下，俄羅斯北冰洋濱海地區(qū)和西伯利亞地區(qū)無疑將成為歐洲乃至整個世界最重要的燃料供應地。歐洲對俄羅斯北極油氣資源的大量需求和氣候變化成為開通北極航道的重要推動力。此外，通過對大量船舶服務收費賺取豐厚利潤，也是俄羅斯開發(fā)北極航道的重要原因之一。在當前國際法和海洋法背景下，難以界定北方海航道海峽的法律地位，但依據(jù)國際習慣法，北方海航道中相關海峽的性質應屬于“用于國際航行”的海峽，即國際海峽，外國船舶應享有過境通行權。俄羅斯政府不斷制定和出臺多項法令，對北方海航道實施壟斷性控制，引起了有關國家強烈的不滿，法律和政治上的不確定性是北方海航道問題的癥結所在。 中國雖為非北極國家，但北極對于中國而言同樣具有重要的戰(zhàn)略意義。一直以來，中國的北極研究的重點主要在于應對氣候環(huán)境變化趨勢及對中國氣候和環(huán)境的影響。今后，中國應積極從保障國家能源供應和海上運輸安全的國家長期發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略高度來重新思考和定位中國的北極政策。
[Abstract]:Since the twenty-first Century, the strategic importance of the Arctic region has been growing, and has been gradually included in the global geopolitical and economic agenda. It is not only related to the countries in this region, but also closely related to the world powers outside the region. It is expected that, with the continuous development of the global economy, the competition for energy resources and maritime transportation is also expected. The global competition in the Arctic will be increasingly fierce. The Arctic region is in a unique geographical position in the world, and it is more likely to enter the strategic vision of other countries under specific conditions and circumstances. Therefore, it highlights the important geo strategic value. The country, in particular, pays special attention to its strategic interests in the Arctic, not only because the Arctic is a Russian resource strategic base for the future, but also because the Arctic channel is the future national transport trunk of Russia, and the Arctic sea is a long-term strategic security barrier for Russia.
In March 30, 2009, the Russian government officially published its first programme document on the development of the Russian Arctic Region - the national policy principles and vision of the Russian Federation Arctic region before <2020. The document is a comprehensive, systematic and comprehensive guiding programme, which is a component of the national strategy and has decided Russia. The development trend of the national economy and the future trend of the Arctic geopolitics. From the development of this national policy for more than three years, Russia has made remarkable achievements in the development of the Russian Arctic, especially in the development of energy resources and the construction of the Arctic channel. To adapt to the changes of the political and economic environment at home and abroad. In November 13, 2009, the Russian government announced the Russian energy strategy of <2030 years ago, revised and perfected the Russian energy strategy published in 2003, thus forming a relatively systematic and comprehensive long-term development strategy for Russian national energy, which gradually accelerated the development of energy resources in the Arctic region. Energy has been in an important position in the national development strategy of Russia. With the decrease of the original resource base mining volume year by year, it has important strategic significance for Russia to open up and control the new energy base. In the context of the increasing consumption of energy resources in the world today, the Russian Arctic Ocean coastal area and the West The Berian region will undoubtedly become the most important fuel supply in Europe and the whole world. The large demand and climate change of the Russian Arctic oil and gas resources have become an important driving force for the opening of the Arctic channel. In addition, it is also an important reason for Russia to develop the Arctic channel by making a rich profit on a large number of shipping services. In the context of the current international law and the law of the sea, it is difficult to define the legal status of the Strait of the North Sea, but according to international customary law, the nature of the Strait in the North sea air channel should belong to the Straits "for international navigation", that is, the International Straits, and the foreign vessels should enjoy the right of crossing the border. The law, the monopoly control of the northern sea waterway, caused the strong dissatisfaction of the countries concerned. The legal and political uncertainty is the crux of the North sea air road problem.
Although China is a non Arctic country, the Arctic is of great strategic significance to China. The focus of the study on the Arctic is to deal with the trend of climate change and the impact on China's climate and environment. The strategic height of the exhibition is to rethink and position China's Arctic policy.
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D851.2;P941.62

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 劉匡;中國北極東北航道的SWOT分析[D];山東師范大學;2013年

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