本文選題：冷戰(zhàn) + 中東　； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：阿以沖突一直是導(dǎo)致中東局勢(shì)動(dòng)蕩不安、戰(zhàn)火不斷的重要原因。隨著國(guó)際局勢(shì)的發(fā)展,中東地區(qū)各種民族、種族和宗教矛盾不僅沒有化解,反而由于外部力量的卷入,衍生出新的問題和矛盾。值得一提的是,美國(guó)中東政策在很大程度上影響著阿以沖突的演變。冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期,美國(guó)試圖將中東作為抵制蘇聯(lián)滲透和擴(kuò)張的前沿陣地,努力在阿以沖突中扮演重要角色,爭(zhēng)取在該地區(qū)塑造有利于美國(guó)的秩序,維持脆弱的平衡。 文章主要對(duì)1973年十月戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間的美國(guó)中東政策加以考察,利用美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院最新解密的外交檔案并借鑒已有的研究成果,梳理十月戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期中東局勢(shì)的發(fā)展與美國(guó)中東外交的互動(dòng)關(guān)系,分析美國(guó)政府在實(shí)現(xiàn)其全球戰(zhàn)略與推進(jìn)中東和平進(jìn)程的目標(biāo)與手段、政策及影響。在論文中,筆者嘗試說(shuō)明以下問題：十月戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是美國(guó)中東外交的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。十月戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的突然爆發(fā)沖擊了美國(guó)中東政策的傳統(tǒng)思維,特別是阿拉伯國(guó)家發(fā)動(dòng)的石油斗爭(zhēng)為美國(guó)調(diào)整中東政策注入了新因素；美國(guó)中東政策的制定和實(shí)行同蘇聯(lián)、阿以雙方以及美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)的利益集團(tuán)都有著千絲萬(wàn)縷的聯(lián)系,十月戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間,面對(duì)中東混亂的局勢(shì),美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)卿基辛格在蘇聯(lián)、以色列和阿拉伯國(guó)家之間穿梭斡旋,軟硬兼施,多管齊下,成功地打擊了蘇聯(lián)在中東的勢(shì)力,短期內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)了中東和平,并擺脫了石油禁運(yùn)的威脅�？偠灾�,十月戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)在沖擊美國(guó)中東外交慣有思維的同時(shí)也成為美國(guó)中東政策調(diào)整的有利契機(jī)。
[Abstract]:The Arab-Israeli conflict has been a major cause of instability and constant fighting in the Middle East. With the development of international situation, all kinds of ethnic, ethnic and religious contradictions in the Middle East region have not been resolved, on the contrary, new problems and contradictions have arisen due to the involvement of external forces. It is worth mentioning that American Middle East policy greatly influences the evolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict. During the Cold War, the United States tried to regard the Middle East as a front position to resist the Soviet Union's infiltration and expansion, and to play an important role in the Arab-Israeli conflict, in order to create an order favorable to the United States and to maintain a fragile balance in the region. The article mainly examines the Middle East policy of the United States during the October 1973 war, using the newly declassified diplomatic archives of the United States Department of State and drawing on the existing research results. This paper combs the interactive relationship between the development of the Middle East situation during the October War and American Middle East diplomacy, and analyzes the goals and means, policies and influence of the American government in realizing its global strategy and promoting the Middle East peace process. In this paper, I try to explain the following problems: October War is the turning point of American Middle East diplomacy. The sudden outbreak of the October war hit the traditional thinking of the United States' Middle East policy, especially the oil struggle launched by the Arab countries, which injected new factors into the adjustment of the United States' Middle East policy; the formulation and implementation of the United States' Middle East policy with the Soviet Union, Both sides of the Arab and Israeli sides and interest groups in the United States are inextricably linked. In the face of the chaotic situation in the Middle East during the October war, US Secretary of State Kissinger shuttled between the Soviet Union, Israel and the Arab countries, both hard and soft. A multi-pronged approach successfully hit Soviet power in the Middle East, brought peace to the Middle East in the short term and freed itself from the threat of an oil embargo. In a word, the October War has been a favorable opportunity for the adjustment of American Middle East policy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2;D815.4

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本文編號(hào)：1985822