本文選題：美越關(guān)系正常化 + 柬埔寨危機(jī)　； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：越戰(zhàn)對越南造成了巨大傷害,也對美國造成了巨大影響,雙邊關(guān)系在越戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時(shí)也一度降到冰點(diǎn)。美國自福特政府開始,對越南執(zhí)行了長達(dá)近20年的孤立和制裁政策。然而在1975年到1995年的不同時(shí)期,美國和越南的互動(dòng)隨著國際環(huán)境的變化也在悄悄的發(fā)生改變。卡特政府時(shí)期,美國和越南曾經(jīng)就建立正常的外交關(guān)系而一度接近,然而雙方在美國對越南重建援助和越南解決美軍戰(zhàn)俘和失蹤人員問題(POW/MIA)兩個(gè)議題上僵持不下。正在美國對于亞洲戰(zhàn)略中是否應(yīng)該與越南和解而猶豫不決時(shí),越南與蘇聯(lián)簽訂友好合作條約,并且在1978年發(fā)動(dòng)了侵略柬埔寨的戰(zhàn)爭,并且制造了人道主義難民危機(jī)。 從20世紀(jì)70年代末到1995年,美國和越南在外交關(guān)系正�；^程中數(shù)次調(diào)整了戰(zhàn)略態(tài)度和對外政策。不同議題和戰(zhàn)略利益的強(qiáng)度在不同時(shí)期發(fā)生了變化。同時(shí)美國國內(nèi)不同利益團(tuán)體的爭論以及越共內(nèi)部不同派別的分歧也對雙方政策產(chǎn)生了重要影響。 在20世紀(jì)80年代,由于越南侵略柬埔寨,美國和國際社會(huì)一起對越南進(jìn)行著制裁和譴責(zé)。從里根政府開始,美國政府對越南政策的基礎(chǔ)就是要求越南必須撤出柬埔寨撤軍和及之后著力解決美國公民關(guān)注的戰(zhàn)俘和失蹤人員的調(diào)查問題。20世紀(jì)80年代中期之前,越南一直靠著蘇聯(lián)的援助而能夠應(yīng)付在與柬埔寨抵抗力量之間的武裝沖突。戈?duì)柊蛦谭虻纳吓_標(biāo)志著蘇聯(lián)的印支政策的調(diào)整,這影響了越南作出變化。而隨著國際收支的惡化和國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)的危機(jī),越南在1986年越共“六大”之后開始經(jīng)濟(jì)“革新”政策,調(diào)整外交政策。隨著越南“革新”政策的深入以及越共內(nèi)部領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層及其外交政策態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變,柬埔寨危機(jī)解決的曙光出現(xiàn)。上世紀(jì)80年代末,國際社會(huì)各方力量包括蘇聯(lián)在內(nèi)開始著手和平解決柬埔寨問題。美國在上世紀(jì)80年代末重返印度支那政治舞臺,支持東盟和平解決柬埔寨危機(jī)的努力。在柬埔寨國內(nèi)各個(gè)政治派別開始談判時(shí),美國已經(jīng)積極介入了柬埔寨政治解決議程。在巴黎會(huì)議及之后的聯(lián)合國安理會(huì)中,美國都積極發(fā)揮了作用。由于和越南對于紅色高棉態(tài)度漸漸趨于一致,美國在各大國面前對越南和金邊政權(quán)的態(tài)度有了一個(gè)重要的轉(zhuǎn)變。為了限制紅色高棉在日后成立的柬埔寨聯(lián)合政府中的作用,美國和越南漸漸達(dá)成了一致,而雙方的接觸也越來越頻繁。隨著越南在1989年在柬埔寨撤軍、巴黎協(xié)定簽署以及聯(lián)合國解決方案的出臺,進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)90年代的美越關(guān)系迅速發(fā)展。越南在柬埔寨問題以及戰(zhàn)俘和失蹤人員方面表現(xiàn)出了合作態(tài)度。而同時(shí)在美國國內(nèi)要求和越南建立正常外交關(guān)系的聲音漸漸在爭論中占了多數(shù)。鑒于商業(yè)利益、解決戰(zhàn)俘和失蹤人員問題的需要等考慮,美國老布什政府于1991年推出了美越關(guān)系分步走的路線圖提議。此后,美國和越南的關(guān)系大致按照路線圖的規(guī)劃,最終在1995年建交,實(shí)現(xiàn)了外交關(guān)系的正常化。
[Abstract]:The Vietnam War has caused great harm to Vietnam and has a great impact on the United States. Bilateral relations have also dropped to freezing point at the end of the Vietnam War. Since the Ford administration, the United States has carried out a policy of nearly 20 years of isolation and sanctions against Vietnam. However, during the different periods from 1975 to 1995, the interaction between the United States and Vietnam changed with the international environment. In the Carter administration, the United States and Vietnam were once close to the establishment of normal diplomatic relations, but the two sides deadlocked on two issues in the United States on Vietnam's reconstruction assistance and Vietnam's resolution of the US military prisoners and missing persons (POW/MIA). When it was unsettled, Vietnam and the Soviet Union signed a treaty of friendship and cooperation, and launched a war of aggression against Kampuchea in 1978, and created a humanitarian refugee crisis.
From the end of 1970s to 1995, the United States and Vietnam have adjusted their strategic attitude and foreign policy several times during the normalization of diplomatic relations. The intensity of different issues and strategic interests has changed in different periods. Meanwhile, the disputes in different interest groups at home in the United States and the differences in the different factions of the Viet Cong are also produced by the two parties. It has an important impact.
In 1980s, as Vietnam invaded Kampuchea, the United States and the international community joined the sanctions and condemnation of Vietnam. From the Reagan administration, the basis of the US government's policy on Vietnam was that Vietnam had to withdraw Kampuchea's withdrawal from the army and the investigation of the prisoners of war and the missing persons focusing on the attention of the citizens of the United States.20. Before the mid 80s, Vietnam had been able to cope with the armed conflict between the Soviet Union and the Kampuchea resistance by the aid of the Soviet Union. Gorbachev came to power to mark the adjustment of the Soviet Indo policy, which affected Vietnam's change. With the deterioration of the balance of payments and the crisis in the domestic economy, Vietnam was in Viet Nam in 1986 "six. With the deepening of the policy of "innovation" and the adjustment of foreign policy, with the deepening of the "innovation" policy of Vietnam and the transformation of the internal leadership and foreign policy attitude of Viet Nam, the dawn of the settlement of the crisis in Kampuchea began. At the end of the 80s of the last century, the international community began to settle the question of peaceful settlement of Kampuchea, including the Soviet Union, including the Soviet Union. The United States returned to the political arena of Indochina in the late 80s of last century to support ASEAN's efforts to resolve the Kampuchea crisis peacefully. The United States had actively intervened in the political settlement of the Kampuchea agenda when all political parties in Kampuchea began to negotiate. In the Paris meeting and after the United Nations Security Council, the United States played an active role. As the attitude towards the Khmer Rouge in Vietnam is gradually consistent with Vietnam, the United States has an important change in the attitude towards Vietnam and the gilt regime in front of the major powers. In order to limit the role of the Khmer Rouge in the Kampuchea coalition government, the United States and Vietnam have gradually reached agreement, and the contacts between the two sides are becoming more and more frequent. Vietnam's withdrawal in Kampuchea in 1989, the signing of the Paris agreement and the introduction of the United Nations solution, and the rapid development of the US Vietnam relations in 1990s. Vietnam has shown a cooperative attitude towards the Kampuchea issue and the prisoners and missing persons, while at the same time the voice of establishing normal diplomatic relations with Vietnam at home is required in the United States. In view of the commercial interests, the need to solve the problem of the prisoners and the missing persons, the US Bush administration launched a road map of the United States and Vietnam in 1991. Since then, the relationship between the United States and Vietnam, in accordance with the plan of the road map, finally established diplomatic relations in 1995 and achieved the normal diplomatic relations. Change.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D871.2

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