本文選題：美國(guó)例外主義 + 中國(guó)例外主義��； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：闡述美國(guó)例外主義的著作早已汗牛充棟,在美國(guó)衰落的大背景之下,對(duì)美國(guó)例外主義的討論更加激烈,甚至將美國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬也推上風(fēng)口浪尖。而關(guān)于中國(guó)例外主義的研究卻是一個(gè)較新的課題,中國(guó)例外主義也是一個(gè)較新的術(shù)語(yǔ),雖然國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)中國(guó)獨(dú)特的歷史、發(fā)展模式與戰(zhàn)略文化等早有探討。近年來(lái),隨著中國(guó)政治與經(jīng)濟(jì)力量的日益崛起,對(duì)中國(guó)例外主義的探討也逐漸增多,形成一股“中國(guó)說(shuō)”的浪潮。但是,現(xiàn)有研究對(duì)什么是例外主義、中國(guó)例外主義與美國(guó)例外主義有何區(qū)別與聯(lián)系、例外主義有何影響等問(wèn)題并沒(méi)有給出清晰答案,從而容易將中國(guó)例外主義與美國(guó)例外主義進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單類(lèi)比,產(chǎn)生混淆與誤解。在中美兩國(guó)興衰沉浮以及戰(zhàn)和未定之際,厘清中美例外主義的內(nèi)涵并探討其影響,正當(dāng)其時(shí)。本文在借鑒現(xiàn)有研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)現(xiàn)有研究不盡完善之處,試圖清晰界定例外主義的核心內(nèi)涵、闡釋中美例外主義的具體內(nèi)涵與主要內(nèi)容、比較中美例外主義的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系、探討中美例外主義的互動(dòng)對(duì)兩國(guó)的外交政策、中美關(guān)系以及世界秩序存在的影響以及潛在影響。本文認(rèn)為,中美例外主義在起源及其背景、核心內(nèi)涵與基本內(nèi)容、演進(jìn)過(guò)程等各方面均存在本質(zhì)差異,連同其實(shí)踐意義,雖然兩者在概念的界定上存在一些共同點(diǎn)。在結(jié)構(gòu)安排上,本文首先將在導(dǎo)論部分介紹選題源起與意義、國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、本文研究的主要問(wèn)題以及論文結(jié)構(gòu)。本文將在第一章詳細(xì)論述美國(guó)例外主義,包括其基本內(nèi)容、歷史演進(jìn)與未來(lái)趨勢(shì)。美國(guó)例外主義以“山巔之城”“天定命運(yùn)”等宗教理念為核心,以自由、平等、個(gè)人主義、自由放任、憲法與政治體制等為具體內(nèi)容,經(jīng)過(guò)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、國(guó)內(nèi)領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張、兩次世界大戰(zhàn)以及長(zhǎng)達(dá)半個(gè)世紀(jì)的冷戰(zhàn),最終確立了國(guó)內(nèi)外難以撼動(dòng)的地位,同時(shí)也逐漸走向極端和僵化。第二章則詳細(xì)論述中國(guó)例外主義的基本內(nèi)容、歷史演進(jìn)與未來(lái)趨勢(shì)。中國(guó)例外主義以世俗的“天下體系”為核心,以大同、王道、和、仁等儒家思想為具體內(nèi)容；除了世界觀方面的內(nèi)容,孫子式的戰(zhàn)略思想也是中國(guó)例外主義的重要組成部分之一中國(guó)例外主義的演進(jìn)過(guò)程也是中國(guó)人的探索歷程,開(kāi)始于百年恥辱時(shí)期,幾代中國(guó)人致力于找到能讓中國(guó)綿延至今的獨(dú)特精神,經(jīng)歷毛澤東時(shí)代與鄧小平時(shí)代,這種努力與探索延續(xù)至今。2005年,在中國(guó)崛起的背景下提出“和諧世界”的主張,向世界彰顯了中國(guó)對(duì)世界秩序的獨(dú)特看法,由此引起國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)中國(guó)例外主義的廣泛討論。第三章將對(duì)中美例外主義的產(chǎn)生背景、基本內(nèi)容與主要特征、以及對(duì)外交政策的影響進(jìn)行全面比較,并以對(duì)待國(guó)際干涉問(wèn)題的態(tài)度為例進(jìn)行印證。中美兩國(guó)在針對(duì)國(guó)際干涉問(wèn)題所展現(xiàn)出截然不同的態(tài)度,是中美例外主義主要交匯點(diǎn)與交鋒點(diǎn)之一,體現(xiàn)了例外主義對(duì)兩國(guó)的價(jià)值觀與外交實(shí)踐的重要影響。所以本文選取中美兩國(guó)對(duì)待國(guó)際干涉問(wèn)題的態(tài)度作為案例,試圖對(duì)中美例外主義的異同進(jìn)行印證,并使這一比較更清晰、更具象化。第四章探討中美例外主義及其互動(dòng)對(duì)兩國(guó)外交政策、中美關(guān)系以及世界秩序的既存以及潛在的影響。首先,例外主義的存在使得國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者不能簡(jiǎn)單地以“國(guó)強(qiáng)必霸”、“大國(guó)政治的悲劇”來(lái)揣測(cè)美國(guó)、中國(guó)以及中美關(guān)系,或者將兩者簡(jiǎn)單類(lèi)比為歷史上曾出現(xiàn)過(guò)的霸權(quán)國(guó)與崛起國(guó)；其次,現(xiàn)行世界秩序存在一些難以解決的矛盾,中美例外主義之間的互動(dòng)、磨合與互相借鑒,不僅有助于兩國(guó)關(guān)系的穩(wěn)定,也有助于重塑世界秩序。最后是本文的結(jié)論部分,將對(duì)全文進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:The works of American exceptionalism have long been elaborated. Under the background of the decline of the United States, the discussion of American exceptionalism is more intense, and even the American president Obama is pushed to the tip of the storm. The study of Chinese exceptionalism is a relatively new subject, and the Chinese exceptionalism is a relatively new term, though Scholars at home and abroad have discussed China's unique history, development model and strategic culture. In recent years, with the growing rise of China's political and economic forces, the discussion of Chinese exceptionalism has gradually increased, forming a wave of "China's theory". However, what is an exceptionalism, Chinese exceptionalism and American examples There are no clear answers to the differences and relations of the external doctrine, the influence of exceptionalism and so on, so it is easy to make a simple analogy between the Chinese exceptionalism and the American Exceptionalism and produce confusion and misunderstanding. At the same time, on the basis of the existing research achievements, this paper tries to define the core connotation of the exceptionalism clearly, explain the specific connotation and main contents of the exceptionalism, compare the difference and connection between the exceptionalism of China and the United States, and discuss the foreign policy of the Sino US exceptionalism to the two countries, and the Sino US foreign policy, China and the United States. The relationship and the influence and potential influence of the world order. This article holds that there are essential differences in the origin and its background, the core connotation, the basic content, the evolution process and so on, together with its practical significance, although both of the two exist in some common points in the definition of the concept. The introduction introduces the origin and significance of the topic, the current research status at home and abroad, the main problems and the structure of this paper. This article will discuss the American exceptionalism in detail in the first chapter, including its basic content, historical evolution and future trend. On the basis of equality, equality, individualism, laissez faire, constitution and political system and so on, after the war of independence, the expansion of the domestic territory, the two World War and the cold war for half a century, it finally established the unshaken status at home and abroad, and gradually moved towards extreme end and rigidity. The second chapter elaborated on the basis of Chinese exceptionalism in detail. This content, the historical evolution and the future trend. The Chinese exceptionalism is the core of the secular "world system", and the Confucian thought of Datong, Wang Dao, and benevolence is the concrete content. Besides the content of the world outlook, the strategic thought of Sun Tzu is also one of the important components of Chinese exceptionalism, and the evolution process of China exceptionalism is also The course of Chinese people's exploration began in the century of disgrace. Several generations of Chinese people are committed to finding the unique spirit that can extend China to the present, and experience the era of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping. This effort and exploration continue for.2005 years and put forward a "harmonious world" in the context of the rise of China and show the world China to the world. The unique view of order leads to the extensive discussion of Chinese and foreign scholars on the Chinese exceptionalism. The third chapter will make a comprehensive comparison of the background, the basic content and the main features of the Chinese and American exceptionalism, and the influence of the foreign policy, and verify the attitude towards the international interference. The interference issue shows a very different attitude, which is one of the main intersection points and front points of the Chinese and American exceptionalism, reflecting the important influence of the exceptionalism on the values and diplomatic practice of the two countries. The fourth chapter discusses the existential and potential impact of the Sino US exceptionalism and its interaction on the foreign policy, Sino US relations and the world order. First, the existence of exceptionalism makes the scholars at home and abroad can not simply take the "national strong must hegemony" and "the tragedy of great power" to speculate on the United States, China and the Sino US relations, or simply analogy between the hegemonic and rising countries that have appeared in history; secondly, there are some insoluble contradictions in the current world order, the interaction between China and the United States, the interaction and mutual reference, not only contributes to the stability of the relations between the two countries, but also helps to reshape the world order. The conclusion of the article will summarize the full text.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D822.371.2

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