本文選題：中國(guó) + 非洲　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國(guó)作為世界舞臺(tái)上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家,自始至終奉行和平共處的外交原則,以南南合作為重要發(fā)展目標(biāo)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,中國(guó)和非洲國(guó)家開啟了合作的大門。回首幾十年的合作歷程,雖有曲折但是整體發(fā)展平穩(wěn)。中國(guó)和非洲業(yè)已形成了互相依賴的合作伙伴關(guān)系,中非合作也具有了穩(wěn)定的機(jī)制——中非合作論壇—部長(zhǎng)級(jí)會(huì)議。 中非關(guān)系是二戰(zhàn)后建立起來的一種新型的國(guó)際關(guān)系,以“平等互惠”為主要特點(diǎn)。中國(guó)和非洲有共同的歷史和發(fā)展目標(biāo)成為合作的基礎(chǔ)；中國(guó)致力于踐行其和平發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,其所堅(jiān)持的尊重主權(quán)、相互尊重、平等等原則成為發(fā)展中非合作關(guān)系的前提；在貿(mào)易和投資方面以互惠為目標(biāo)成為二者合作的最有力保障。不僅如此,中國(guó)不帶任何附加條件慷慨援助非洲,特別是在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、人員培訓(xùn)、債務(wù)減免方面的政策深得非洲人民之心。 中非關(guān)系最早可追溯于上世紀(jì)50年代的萬隆會(huì)議,自此之后中國(guó)積極促進(jìn)與非洲發(fā)展友好的合作關(guān)系。非洲國(guó)家自然資源豐富,成為各大國(guó)勢(shì)力競(jìng)逐的戰(zhàn)略要地,而這種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系客觀上使非洲受益。中國(guó)在非洲大陸上也有利益需求,特別是能源和經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易方面。除此之外,中非合作還體現(xiàn)在衛(wèi)生合作、軍事合作以及基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)方面。中國(guó)與非洲的合作同西方大國(guó)不同,以平等為基礎(chǔ)的合作使得非洲國(guó)家對(duì)中國(guó)的期待遠(yuǎn)勝于其他國(guó)家。 中非關(guān)系雖然得到了長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展,但是問題與矛盾同樣存在。從中國(guó)方面看,存在援助項(xiàng)目不切實(shí)際、缺乏環(huán)境評(píng)估、經(jīng)濟(jì)馳援遭遇法律瓶頸、假冒偽劣商品時(shí)現(xiàn)、援助層級(jí)單一等問題。從非洲角度來看,存在著政局不穩(wěn)、經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)單一、對(duì)中國(guó)認(rèn)識(shí)以及援資利用等種種問題。如果不能得以解決,從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看不利于中國(guó)在非洲的投資和發(fā)展。盡管如此,中國(guó)和非洲二者對(duì)彼此的戰(zhàn)略需求仍然是合作關(guān)系得以發(fā)展的主要?jiǎng)恿�。特別是,“中非合作論壇”這一合作機(jī)制的形成,使得中國(guó)和非洲在許多問題上能夠進(jìn)行深入對(duì)話,增加互信。新的世紀(jì),中非外交關(guān)系也面臨三大轉(zhuǎn)變：從官方外交擴(kuò)展到民間外交；從精英外交擴(kuò)展到大眾外交；從雙邊外交擴(kuò)展到多邊外交。這種轉(zhuǎn)變給中非關(guān)系進(jìn)一步發(fā)展提供了機(jī)遇,但也有不少挑戰(zhàn)。因此,需要雙方將眼光放遠(yuǎn),著重于長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的良好發(fā)展。 中國(guó)不僅同整體的非洲合作關(guān)系密切,同單個(gè)非洲國(guó)家的友好、合作關(guān)系也在不斷發(fā)展。以毛里塔尼亞為例,中毛雙方的關(guān)系得到了加強(qiáng)。毛里塔尼亞是中國(guó)重要的石油、化工原料、礦物資源進(jìn)口國(guó),雙方共同投資的港口更為中國(guó)的遠(yuǎn)洋運(yùn)輸提供了極大便利。中國(guó)是毛里塔尼亞發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家、獲得物資、技術(shù)援助的強(qiáng)大依靠,中毛關(guān)系的和諧穩(wěn)定為毛里塔尼亞走出困境、繼續(xù)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)提供了保障。自1967年建交之后,中毛雙方不遺余力地開展文化、衛(wèi)生、體育、教育方面的交流。近幾年來,兩國(guó)政府簽訂了一系列協(xié)定并在一系列外交意愿上多次溝通,雙方關(guān)系平穩(wěn)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:China, as the largest developing country on the world stage, adheres to the diplomatic principles of peaceful coexistence from beginning to end and South South cooperation as an important development goal. On this basis, China and African countries have opened the door to cooperation. China Africa cooperation has also had a stable mechanism - the China Africa Cooperation Forum - Ministerial Conference.
The relationship between China and Africa is a new type of international relationship established after World War II, with "equality and reciprocity" as the main feature. China and Africa have common history and development goals as the basis for cooperation; China is committed to the practice of its peaceful development strategy, and its adheres to the principles of respect for sovereignty, mutual respect, equality and other principles are the cooperation between China and Africa. The premise of the relationship; reciprocity in trade and investment as the most powerful guarantee for the cooperation of the two. Not only that, China's generous assistance to Africa without any additional conditions, especially in agricultural production, infrastructure construction, personnel training, and debt relief, is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people of Africa.
The relationship between China and Africa can be traced back to the Bandung Conference in 50s of last century. Since then, China has actively promoted friendly cooperation with Africa. The African countries have rich natural resources and become a strategic place for the competition of great powers, which objectively benefit Africa. China also has the interest demand on the African continent, especially on the African continent. In addition to this, China Africa cooperation is also reflected in health cooperation, military cooperation and infrastructure construction. China's cooperation with Africa is different from the Western powers, and the cooperation based on equality makes the African countries' expectations of China far better than other countries.
Although China Africa relations have been greatly developed, the problems and contradictions exist as well. From China, there are unrealistic aid projects, lack of environmental assessment, legal bottlenecks in economic prosperity, counterfeit and shoddy commodities, and a single level of aid. From the angle of Africa, there is a political instability and a single economic structure. China and the two African countries' strategic needs for each other are still the main driving force for the development of the cooperative relationship, especially the formation of the cooperation mechanism of the China Africa Cooperation Forum. China and Africa will be able to conduct in-depth dialogues and increase mutual trust on many issues. In the new century, the diplomatic relations between China and Africa are also facing three major changes: extending from official diplomacy to civil diplomacy, extending from elite diplomacy to popular diplomacy, extending from bilateral diplomacy to multilateral diplomacy. This transformation provides the opportunity for the further development of Sino African relations. However, there are many challenges. Therefore, both sides need to take a long view and focus on long-term good development.
In the case of Mauritania, the relationship between China and China has been strengthened. Mauritania is an important China oil, chemical raw material, mineral resource importing country, and the port of mutual investment by both sides is more Chinese ocean transportation. It provides great convenience. China is Mauritania's economic development, the construction of a modern country, a strong reliance on materials and technical assistance. The harmonious stability of the Sino Mao relationship provides a guarantee for Mauritania to go out of the predicament and continue to modernize. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1967, the two sides have spared no effort to carry out culture, health, sports, Exchange of education. In recent years, the two governments have signed a series of agreements and have communicated with each other on a series of diplomatic wishes, and bilateral relations have been developing steadily.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D822.3

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