本文選題：民間因素 + 日本　； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2010年博士論文

【摘要】： 二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,中日關(guān)系經(jīng)歷了艱難曲折的發(fā)展歷程,直到1972年才最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了邦交正常化。盡管學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)中日復(fù)交時(shí)期兩國關(guān)系史的研究已經(jīng)相當(dāng)深入,但迄今為止未見系統(tǒng)總結(jié)這一階段影響日本對(duì)華決策的民間因素的文章問世,為此,本文試圖做一嘗試。本文提出,雖然“民間外交理論應(yīng)用于中日關(guān)系”的提法出自中國,但是日本方面同樣存在著這樣一類來自民間的群體,為推動(dòng)中日關(guān)系正�；龀隽瞬恍傅嘏ΑＫ麄儾淮砉俜�,人數(shù)由少到多,力量由弱到強(qiáng),是日本方面中日復(fù)交的動(dòng)力來源和社會(huì)基礎(chǔ),在影響政府對(duì)華決策的方面發(fā)揮出不可替代的重要作用。在民間因素的影響下,日本政府雖然沒有改變既定的對(duì)華方針,但逐漸增加了政府對(duì)中日民間交往的干預(yù)程度。隨著對(duì)華友好的民間因素的力量不斷壯大,中日復(fù)交的社會(huì)輿論壓力不斷增加。當(dāng)中美接近的催化劑一旦出現(xiàn),日本政府便迅速做出了早于美國與中國實(shí)現(xiàn)關(guān)系正�；闹卮筮x擇。因此,不論是在中日邦交正�；瘯r(shí)期,還是在全球化的影響遍及世界各個(gè)角落的今天,都不能忽視來自日本民間的,追求中日友好和世界和平的這股非官方力量的存在。 另外,本文的研究視角之所以定位在民間因素對(duì)政府決策的影響上,是因?yàn)槊耖g交往在中日兩國關(guān)系發(fā)展的歷史、現(xiàn)在和將來都發(fā)揮著舉足輕重的作用,特別是在二戰(zhàn)之后至中日邦交正常化之前這一歷史階段民間因素發(fā)揮的獨(dú)特作用尤其值得重視。通過對(duì)這一時(shí)期影響日本政府對(duì)華決策的民間因素的考察,不僅有助于理清兩國關(guān)系發(fā)展的歷史,而且有助于把握冷戰(zhàn)后中日關(guān)系發(fā)展的前景,從而進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)兩國之間未來的交流與合作。與此同時(shí),隨著全球化進(jìn)程的日益加劇和市民社會(huì)作用的不斷增大,民間外交的地位和作用也將越益突出。通過加強(qiáng)民間交流,提升合作水平,將成為改善周邊國家間關(guān)系或區(qū)域關(guān)系的主要途徑。 導(dǎo)論部分主要闡述了論文的選題宗旨、國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀及文獻(xiàn)綜述、研究目標(biāo)和方法、相關(guān)概念解析和論文研究的新意所在。 第一章和第二章,是論文的理論演繹和背景分析部分,為下文展開作鋪墊。 第一章是基本理論演繹部分。先從日本外交決策模式的分析入手,概述冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期日本對(duì)華政策的主要特點(diǎn),考察民間因素影響政府對(duì)華決策、推動(dòng)中日關(guān)系發(fā)展的原因。 第二章主要分析了亞洲地區(qū)冷戰(zhàn)格局的形成對(duì)中日關(guān)系發(fā)展造成的影響。首先,舊金山和約的簽訂斷絕了中日官方交往的渠道,但日本在承認(rèn)臺(tái)灣為合法中國政府的同時(shí),仍希望保持同中國大陸的經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系,于是形成了“政經(jīng)分離”的對(duì)華政策。在這一背景下,日本民間人士和民間團(tuán)體成為維持與中國聯(lián)系的渠道和發(fā)展中日友好關(guān)系的主要力量。 第三章至第五章,論文以歷史發(fā)展為線索,闡述各個(gè)歷史時(shí)期民間因素對(duì)形成日本對(duì)華決策的影響。 第三章首先分析20世紀(jì)50年代日本政府四任內(nèi)閣的對(duì)華政策以及中日兩國民間貿(mào)易往來的實(shí)踐情況。接下來以經(jīng)濟(jì)界為對(duì)象,考察民間因素在這一歷史時(shí)期以何種形式影響了日本的對(duì)華決策,起到怎樣的作用。 第四章主要闡述20世紀(jì)60年代日本“政經(jīng)分離”對(duì)華政策的發(fā)展和瀕臨失效過程。20世紀(jì)60年代初,日本政府認(rèn)識(shí)到完全拋開政治關(guān)系而發(fā)展中日貿(mào)易的局限,進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)了對(duì)中日貿(mào)易的政府參與程度。在這一歷史時(shí)期,自民黨內(nèi)的松村謙三集團(tuán)登上歷史舞臺(tái),他們主要以非官方或民間人身份開展對(duì)華活動(dòng),以間接和直接兩種方式影響政府的對(duì)華決策。20世紀(jì)60年代后期“政經(jīng)不可分”與“政經(jīng)分離”的論戰(zhàn)加劇,消極的對(duì)華政策不斷受到挑戰(zhàn),日本國內(nèi)逐漸形成了恢復(fù)中日邦交的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)。 第五章主要分析1970年-1972年日本對(duì)華政策的轉(zhuǎn)變及其中日復(fù)交過程。這一時(shí)期兩國面臨的國際背景與戰(zhàn)后初期相比發(fā)生了巨大改變,中美接近等國際緩和的總體背景對(duì)日本對(duì)華政策的轉(zhuǎn)變起到巨大影響。在日本國內(nèi),經(jīng)濟(jì)界團(tuán)體、大眾輿論、在野黨和松村謙三集團(tuán)形成了推動(dòng)中日邦交正�；拿耖g力量的聯(lián)合行動(dòng),也對(duì)政府轉(zhuǎn)變消極對(duì)華政策形成了巨大壓力。在這些因素的綜合作用下,中日兩國于1972年9月29日終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了邦交正�；�。 從第六章和第七章打破了前文歷史分期的界限,轉(zhuǎn)為進(jìn)行專題研究。 第六章主要分析日本的各類民間因素在各個(gè)歷史時(shí)期的活動(dòng)特點(diǎn)。中日之間恢復(fù)外交關(guān)系,不同于他國由兩國政府通過外交談判的途徑解決,而是通過民間或半官半民的方式首先提升兩國交往層次,待時(shí)機(jī)成熟再由民間外交轉(zhuǎn)為官方外交,是一個(gè)水到渠成的過程。在這一章節(jié)里,首先考察了民間因素的主體特點(diǎn),其次對(duì)各民間主體發(fā)揮作用的階段特征和效果進(jìn)行評(píng)估,從整體上把握民間因素對(duì)日本對(duì)華決策的影響。 第七章對(duì)民間因素發(fā)揮作用的模式進(jìn)行分析。主要分為間接影響方式和直接影響方式兩種,間接影響方式又稱為體制外方式,通過與中國簽訂經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)定、訪華、在媒體發(fā)表社論等形式不斷壯大中日復(fù)交的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ),給政府的對(duì)華決策造成一定壓力,這是這一歷史時(shí)期民間因素發(fā)揮作用的主要途徑。其次還有直接影響方式,主要松村謙三集團(tuán)等自民黨政治家和在野黨在決策層內(nèi)部通過對(duì)決策主體諫言、批判錯(cuò)誤的對(duì)華行動(dòng)等方式,對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)變對(duì)華政策施加直接的影響,但這一方式起到的作用非常有限。 論文的最后部分是結(jié)語,分析民間因素對(duì)中日關(guān)系發(fā)展的作用和影響,以及全球化時(shí)代民間因素影響政府外交的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:Since the end of World War II, Sino Japanese relations have experienced a difficult and tortuous course of development until the normalization of diplomatic relations until 1972. Although the academic circles have been quite deep in the study of the history of relations between the two countries in the period of the Sino Japanese reunion, there has not been a systematic summary of the folklore factors affecting the Japanese decision to China. This article attempts to make an attempt. This article puts forward that although the "civil diplomacy theory applied to Sino Japanese relations" is derived from China, the Japanese side also has such a kind of group from the folk, making unremitting efforts to promote the normalization of Sino Japanese relations. They do not represent the official, the number is less to more, the strength from weak to strong, is the day. The power source and social basis of the Sino Japanese return to China play an irreplaceable and irreplaceable role in influencing the government's decision to China. Under the influence of the folk factors, the government has gradually increased the government's interference with China and Japan, although the government has not changed the policy towards China. The Japanese government has quickly made a major choice to normalize relations between the United States and China as soon as the United States and the United States come closer. Therefore, in the period of normalization between China and Japan, the influence of globalization is spread throughout the world. Today, we must not ignore the existence of this unofficial power from the Japanese people in pursuit of Sino Japanese friendship and world peace.
In addition, the point of view of this study is to determine the influence of Folk Factors on government decision-making, because folk communication plays an important role in the history of Sino Japanese relations, especially the unique role of Folk Factors in this historical stage, especially before the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan after the second world war. It is particularly worth paying attention to. Through the investigation of the folk factors that affect the Japanese government's decision to China in this period, it will not only help to clarify the history of the development of the relations between the two countries, but also help to grasp the prospects for the development of Sino Japanese relations after the cold war, and further promote the future exchange and cooperation between the two countries. At the same time, with the process of globalization, the process of globalization is further promoted. As the increasing role of the civil society increases, the status and role of the civil diplomacy will become more and more prominent. By strengthening folk exchanges and enhancing the level of cooperation, it will become the main way to improve the relations between the neighboring countries or the regional relations.
The introduction part mainly expounds the purpose of the thesis, the research status and literature review at home and abroad, the research goals and methods, the new meaning of the related concept analysis and the research of the paper.
The first chapter and the second chapter are the theoretical deduction and background analysis of the thesis, laying the groundwork for the following.
The first chapter is the deductive part of the basic theory. First, from the analysis of the Japanese diplomatic decision-making model, the main characteristics of the Japanese policy to China during the cold war period are summarized, and the reasons for the influence of the civil factors on the government's decision to China and the development of the Sino Japanese relations are investigated.
The second chapter mainly analyzes the influence of the formation of the cold war pattern in Asia on the development of Sino Japanese relations. First, the signing of the San Francisco peace treaty has severed the channels for the official exchanges between China and Japan. However, while recognizing Taiwan as the legitimate Chinese government, Japan still hopes to maintain its economic relations with the Chinese mainland, thus forming a "separation of political and economic". Against this background, Japanese folk and non-governmental organizations have become the channels to maintain contacts with China and the main force to develop friendly relations between China and Japan.
From the third chapter to the fifth chapter, the paper takes historical development as a clue to explain the influence of Folk Factors in different historical periods on Japan's decision making in China.
The third chapter first analyzes the policy of the four cabinet of Japanese government to China in 1950s and the practice of Chinese and Japanese civil trade exchanges. Then, taking the economic circle as the object, this paper examines what form the folk factors have played on Japan's decision to China in this historical period and how it plays a role.
The fourth chapter mainly expounds the development and the endangered process of the "political and economic separation" to China in 1960s and the early 60s of the.20 century. The Japanese government realized the limitation of the development of Sino Japanese trade and further strengthened the government participation in China Japan trade. The three group of modesty is on the stage of history. They mainly carry out their activities to China with non official or folk identity. In the indirect and direct two ways, they affect the government's decision to China. The controversy over the "political and economic separation" and "political and economic separation" intensified in the late 60s of the.20 century. The social basis for the resumption of Sino Japanese diplomatic relations.
The fifth chapter mainly analyzes the transformation of Japan's policy towards China in -1972 in 1970 and the process of Japanese reunion in Japan. The international background of the two countries has changed greatly in this period, compared with the early postwar period. The overall background of international easing between China and the United States has a great impact on the change of Japan's policy towards China. Public opinion, the opposition party and the Matsumura Mi group formed a joint action to promote the normalization of China and Japan. It also made great pressure on the government to change the policy of negative China. Under these factors, China and Japan finally realized the normalization of diplomatic relations in September 29, 1972.
From the sixth chapter and the seventh chapter, we break the boundary of the foregoing historical division and turn it into a thematic study.
The sixth chapter mainly analyzes the characteristics of the activities of various Japanese Folk Factors in various historical periods. The restoration of diplomatic relations between China and Japan is different from the ways in which the two countries are negotiated through diplomatic negotiations by the two governments, but first to promote the exchanges between the two countries through the folk or semi official half of the people. In this chapter, the main characteristics of the folk factors are first examined. Secondly, the characteristics and effects of the civil subjects are evaluated, and the influence of the Folk Factors on the decision making of Japan to China is grasped as a whole.
The seventh chapter analyzes the mode of the function of the folk factors. It is divided into two kinds of indirect influence mode and direct influence mode. The indirect influence mode is also known as the outside system. Through the signing of the economic agreement with China, visiting China and publishing the editorials in the media, the social basis of Zhuang Dazhong's daily return to the government is made to the government's decision to China. To make certain pressure, this is the main way to play the role of the folk factors in this historical period. Secondly, there are direct influence ways. The main Matsumura Mi group, such as the Liberal Democratic Party politicians and the opposition party, remondled the decision-making body within the decision-making level, criticized the wrong actions against China and so on, and exerted direct influence on the transformation of China's policy to China. This approach has a very limited role.
The last part of the thesis is the conclusion, which analyzes the role and influence of Folk Factors on the development of Sino Japanese relations, as well as the influence of Folk Factors on the development trend of government diplomacy in the era of globalization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D829.313

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