本文選題：美國(guó) + 民主輸出�。� 參考：《電子科技大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：對(duì)外輸出民主是美國(guó)外交政策的重要內(nèi)容,被上升到美國(guó)國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略的高度。冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束,美國(guó)對(duì)蘇聯(lián)模式的社會(huì)主義取得了全面勝利,使得美國(guó)的對(duì)外民主輸出和霸權(quán)的野心進(jìn)一步膨脹。冷戰(zhàn)后,中國(guó)成為美國(guó)民主輸出的主要對(duì)象。對(duì)世界上現(xiàn)存最大的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家輸出其民主人權(quán)觀念,改變中國(guó)的社會(huì)主義制度,實(shí)現(xiàn)美國(guó)霸權(quán),這是美國(guó)對(duì)華戰(zhàn)略的最終目標(biāo)。美國(guó)把對(duì)華民主輸出的目標(biāo)放在中國(guó)青年一代,特別是青年大學(xué)生。研究美國(guó)對(duì)華民主輸出,有著重大的理論意義和實(shí)踐價(jià)值。在理論方面,研究美國(guó)對(duì)華民主輸出,有利于破解應(yīng)對(duì)美國(guó)對(duì)華民主輸出的理論難題,豐富思想政治教育學(xué)科的研究領(lǐng)域,并掌握意識(shí)形態(tài)斗爭(zhēng)的主動(dòng)權(quán)。在實(shí)踐方面,則有利于當(dāng)代中國(guó)大學(xué)生認(rèn)清美國(guó)民主輸出的真面目,有利于在思想政治教育領(lǐng)域應(yīng)對(duì)美國(guó)民主輸出,并確保中國(guó)能夠在沒有硝煙的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)中立于不敗之地。本文由緒論,正文五章和結(jié)論組成。第一章是緒論。本章探討了選題的理論意義和實(shí)踐價(jià)值,并對(duì)一些文中用到的基本概念,如民主、美國(guó)民主、民主輸出等進(jìn)行了界定。本章對(duì)目前國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)界已有的關(guān)于本選題的研究進(jìn)行了梳理,指出了已有研究的不足之處以及本論文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)。第二章主要論述了美國(guó)民主輸出的理論與實(shí)踐�！段逶禄ㄌ�(hào)公約》簽訂,標(biāo)志著美國(guó)民主思想的萌芽;獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利,使得美國(guó)民主思想進(jìn)一步形成;美國(guó)聯(lián)邦憲法的制定則意味著美國(guó)民主制度基本確立。美國(guó)對(duì)外民主輸出有其獨(dú)特的思想根源,如“天定命運(yùn)”、“民主和平論”等,但是最根本的動(dòng)機(jī)還是因?yàn)閲?guó)家利益。美國(guó)對(duì)外輸出民主的主要方式有示范式、強(qiáng)制式和滲透式。本章還梳理了美國(guó)自清教徒到達(dá)北美建立殖民地直至冷戰(zhàn)后不同歷史時(shí)期美國(guó)對(duì)外民主輸出的情況。第三章回顧了美國(guó)自建國(guó)伊始到冷戰(zhàn)后對(duì)中國(guó)的民主輸出情況。美國(guó)對(duì)華民主輸出,有著明顯的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化意圖。作者分析了美國(guó)對(duì)華民主輸出的階段以及民主輸出的途徑,指出美國(guó)在新的歷史時(shí)期對(duì)華民主輸出戰(zhàn)略新變化。特別需要指出的是,在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代,美國(guó)政府利用在“顏色革命”和“阿拉伯之春”的“成功”經(jīng)驗(yàn),將民主輸出的重點(diǎn)放在輸出對(duì)象的青年一代,把以手機(jī)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為代表的新媒體作為民主輸出的重要工具。美國(guó)對(duì)華民主輸出給中國(guó)帶來了巨大危害。但是目前,美國(guó)民主輸出遭遇困境,主要是因?yàn)槊绹?guó)民主自身問題重重,又遭遇輸出對(duì)象國(guó)強(qiáng)烈抵制,并且民主輸出效果不佳。第四章利用調(diào)查問卷了解中國(guó)大學(xué)生的民主觀。美國(guó)一直注重對(duì)中國(guó)青年的爭(zhēng)奪,因此,了解中國(guó)青年,特別是中國(guó)青年大學(xué)生的民主觀,對(duì)于我們掌握美國(guó)民主輸出的手段、效果及應(yīng)對(duì)策略,具有十分重要的意義。作者對(duì)所在城市的七所大學(xué)450名在校大學(xué)生進(jìn)行了問卷調(diào)查,獲得了當(dāng)代大學(xué)生民主觀念的第一手資料。將問卷輸入SPSS后,從兩個(gè)角度對(duì)問卷結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析:第一,學(xué)生對(duì)每道題目的回答人數(shù)及百分比,從中窺見中國(guó)大學(xué)生民主觀的總體情況;第二,對(duì)中國(guó)大學(xué)生民主觀調(diào)查問卷中用定序尺度測(cè)量的35個(gè)變量做因子分析,得到大學(xué)生民主觀6個(gè)維度的結(jié)果,構(gòu)成當(dāng)代中國(guó)大學(xué)生民主觀結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型。問卷調(diào)查所得到的數(shù)據(jù)反映出目前大學(xué)生民主觀教育方面還存在一些問題。第五章論述了應(yīng)對(duì)美國(guó)對(duì)華民主輸出的理念、原則和內(nèi)容。首先,作者論述了馬克思主義民主觀的主要內(nèi)容。其次,作者分析了應(yīng)對(duì)美國(guó)民主輸出的一些基本理念。在美國(guó)加大對(duì)華民主輸出力度的背景下,我們應(yīng)該重視我國(guó)意識(shí)形態(tài)安全,堅(jiān)定中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義民主的“四個(gè)自信”,用歷史教育青年。這樣的歷史,既包括中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨帶領(lǐng)全國(guó)人民浴血奮斗最后走上社會(huì)主義道路的歷史,也包括美國(guó)對(duì)中國(guó)一直以來采取封鎖、孤立政策,對(duì)華進(jìn)行民主滲透,企圖“分化”、“西化”中國(guó)的歷史。再次,本章論述了我們?cè)诿鎸?duì)美國(guó)民主輸出時(shí)應(yīng)該采取的原則,如“理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際”、“一元主導(dǎo)與包容多樣”、“教育和自我教育”以及“科學(xué)性與思想性相結(jié)合”等。最后,本章還論述了應(yīng)對(duì)民主教育的內(nèi)容,包括“進(jìn)行馬克思主義民主觀教育”、“關(guān)于民主的基本理論教育”、“中國(guó)民主運(yùn)行教育”以及“中美民主制度比較教育”等。第六章著重論述了“應(yīng)對(duì)美國(guó)民主輸出的方法、途徑、載體”。應(yīng)對(duì)美國(guó)民主輸出的方法,既包括“日常思想政治工作方法”,也包括積極投身社會(huì)實(shí)踐的方法,還有思想政治理論教育方法。此外,本章還論述了應(yīng)對(duì)美國(guó)民主輸出的途徑和載體,指出在對(duì)外文化交流中要秉持中國(guó)的優(yōu)秀文化傳統(tǒng),加強(qiáng)對(duì)國(guó)人特別是青年大學(xué)生的民主觀教育,從而更加有效地應(yīng)對(duì)美國(guó)對(duì)華民主輸出。最后是結(jié)論。目前在全世界范圍內(nèi),美國(guó)民主輸出策略遭遇嚴(yán)重挫折,美國(guó)民主自身也是弊病叢生,美國(guó)對(duì)華民主輸出的圖謀注定會(huì)失敗。但是美國(guó)不會(huì)輕易改變其對(duì)華民主輸出的一貫政策。中美兩國(guó)應(yīng)該拋棄冷戰(zhàn)思維,互相尊重,建立新型大國(guó)關(guān)系,才能讓中美關(guān)系走上健康發(fā)展的軌道,開辟中美關(guān)系新篇章。
[Abstract]:Foreign export democracy is an important part of American foreign policy, which has been raised to the national strategy of the United States. At the end of the cold war, the United States has achieved a comprehensive victory over the socialist model of the Soviet Union, making the American foreign democratic output and hegemony more ambitious. After the cold war, China has become the main object of American democratic output. It is the ultimate goal of the United States to export its democratic human rights concept, change the socialist system of China and realize American hegemony. This is the ultimate goal of the US strategy for China. The United States puts the goal of the export of Democracy against China on the Chinese youth, especially the young college students. The study of the American democratic export to China has a great theoretical meaning. In theory, the study of American democratic export to China is conducive to solving the theoretical problems of American democratic export to China, enriching the research field of the subject of Ideological and political education, and grasping the initiative of ideological struggle. In practice, it is beneficial for Chinese college students to recognize the true face of American democratic output in practice. It is beneficial to deal with American democratic output in the field of Ideological and political education and ensure that China can be invincible in the field of no smoke. This article is made up of introduction, five chapters and conclusions. The first chapter is introduction. This chapter discusses the theoretical significance and practical value of the topic, and the basic concepts used in some of the articles, such as democracy, the United States Democracy, democratic output and so on are defined. This chapter combs the existing research on this topic at home and abroad, points out the shortcomings of the existing research and the innovation of this thesis. The second chapter mainly discusses the theory and practice of American democratic output. The May flower sign convention marks the democratic thought of the United States. The bud, the victory of the independence war, made the American democratic thought further formed; the formulation of the United States Federal Constitution means that the American democratic system is basically established. The American foreign democratic output has its own unique ideological roots, such as "the destiny of heaven", "the theory of democracy and peace", but the most fundamental motive is the national interest. The main ways of democracy are demonstrative, coercive and permeable. This chapter also combs the situation of American foreign democracy export to the United States since the pilgrims arrived in North America to establish colonies in North America until the cold war. The third chapter reviews the Democratic output of the United States to China from the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic to the post cold war. There are obvious political, economic and cultural intentions. The author analyses the stage of American democratic export to China and the way of democratic output, and points out the new changes in the US strategy for the export of democracy in the new historical period. It is particularly important to point out that in the Internet age, the American government uses the "Color Revolution" and "the Arabia spring". The successful experience has put the emphasis on the output of democracy to the young generation of the output object, and the new media represented by the mobile phone and the Internet as an important tool for democratic output. The American democratic export to China has brought great harm to China. But at present, the American democratic output is suffering from difficulties, mainly because of the problems of American democracy itself, and The fourth chapter makes use of the questionnaire to understand the democratic outlook of Chinese college students. The United States has always paid attention to the struggle for Chinese youth. Therefore, understanding the democratic view of Chinese young people, especially the Chinese young students, is the means, effect and response to our mastery of American democratic output. The strategy is of great significance. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 450 college students in seven universities in the city. The first hand information of the contemporary college students' democratic ideas was obtained. After the questionnaire was entered into SPSS, the results were analyzed from two angles. First, the number and percentage of the answers to each topic were from the students. To see the overall situation of the Chinese college students' view on democracy; second, to analyze the 35 variables measured by the order scale in the questionnaire of the Chinese college students' democratic outlook, to get the result of the 6 dimensions of the college students' view of democracy, and to form the structural equation model of the contemporary Chinese college students' view of democracy. The data obtained by the questionnaire survey reflect the present college students There are still some problems in the education of democracy. The fifth chapter discusses the ideas, principles and contents of the American democratic export to China. First, the author discusses the main contents of Marx's view of democracy. Secondly, the author analyses some basic ideas on the export of democracy in the United States. We should attach importance to our country's ideological security, strengthen the "four confidence" of the socialist democracy with Chinese characteristics, and educate the youth in history. This history includes the history of the Chinese Communist Party leading the National People's bloody struggle to the socialist road, as well as the United States' policy of isolating and isolating China from China. The chapter discusses the principles we should take in the face of American democratic output, such as "theory linked to reality", "one yuan leading and inclusive diversity", "education and self education" and "combination of science and thought". Finally, this chapter It also discusses the contents of democratic education, including "the education of Marx's concept of democracy", "basic theoretical education on democracy", "China's democratic operation education" and "Comparative Education of the Chinese and American democratic systems". The sixth chapter focuses on the "ways, ways and carriers" for the American people to deal with the American people. The method of main output includes not only the methods of daily ideological and political work, but also the methods of actively participating in social practice, as well as the methods of Ideological and political theory education. In addition, this chapter also discusses the ways and carriers to deal with American democratic output, and points out that China's excellent cultural tradition should be held in the foreign cultural exchange and the Chinese people should be strengthened. In the end, the American democratic export strategy has suffered serious setbacks, American democracy itself is also maladies, and America's democratic export to China is doomed to fail. But the United States will not easily change it. China and the United States should abandon the cold war thinking, respect each other and establish a new type of great power relations, so that China and the United States can make Sino US relations on the track of healthy development and open a new chapter in Sino US relations.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G641;D871.2

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