本文選題：毛澤東 + 斯大林��； 參考：《天津大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】：新中國成立后,蘇聯(lián)第一個承認(rèn)新中國,并與新中國建立了外交關(guān)系。隨后,毛澤東立即著手準(zhǔn)備訪蘇事宜。經(jīng)中蘇雙方商定,毛澤東出訪蘇聯(lián)的時間最終定為1949年12月初。12月6日,毛澤東踏上了訪蘇的征途,這是毛澤東的第一次出訪,也是毛澤東與斯大林的惟一一次會面。這次出訪,對于剛剛建立的新中國來說,具有極其重大的意義。 戰(zhàn)后,由于美蘇爭霸,世界上分為兩大對立的陣營,中共根據(jù)當(dāng)時的國內(nèi)國際形勢,公開宣布了“一邊倒”的戰(zhàn)略方針。毛澤東出訪蘇聯(lián),正是對這一方針政策的具體落實(shí)。此次出訪的目的主要是簽訂一個新的中蘇條約,廢除1945年的《中蘇友好同盟條約》。其實(shí),建國前夕,毛澤東曾多次提出過訪蘇要求,但是總被斯大林以各種理由拒絕,代之以派米高揚(yáng)訪華。后來,中共又派劉少奇訪蘇,這都為毛澤東的第一次訪問蘇聯(lián)做好了準(zhǔn)備。建國后,毛澤東終于如愿以償,走出國門,開始了對蘇聯(lián)的第一次訪問。 在訪問蘇聯(lián)期間,斯大林與毛澤東進(jìn)行過多次的會面與談判。出于《中蘇友好同盟條約》既得利益的考慮,斯大林始終不愿意簽訂一個新的中蘇條約。因此,中蘇條約談判的進(jìn)程并不如毛澤東開始料想的那樣順利,在中蘇條約談判的道路上可謂是困難重重。就是否簽訂新約這一問題,斯大林與毛澤東之間展開了激烈的較量,雙方互相爭持不下,誰也不肯讓步。 在很長一段時間里,蘇聯(lián)沒有關(guān)于毛澤東的任何消息報(bào)道,這引起了很多的猜疑。西方國家趁此機(jī)會散布毛澤東被“軟禁”的謠言,這使得中蘇兩國尤其是蘇聯(lián)極其緊張。最終,在王稼祥大使的提議下,毛澤東召開了一次《答記者問》,并趁此機(jī)會公開表明了簽訂中蘇新條約的目的。此時,中國外交上也取得了一些勝利,印度、緬甸、英國等國家都紛紛表示與新中國建交。 在種種因素的影響下,斯大林最終不得不作出了讓步,同意周恩來前來莫斯科,簽訂一個新的中蘇條約,以取代1945年蘇聯(lián)政府與國民黨政府簽訂的《中蘇友好同盟條約》。這是中蘇關(guān)系史上的一件大事,在國際上也引起了很大的反響。由于爭得了蘇聯(lián)的支持和援助,為新中國各項(xiàng)建設(shè)事業(yè)的開展創(chuàng)造了良好的條件。
[Abstract]:After the founding of New China, the Soviet Union was the first to recognize New China and establish diplomatic relations with New China. Mao Zedong immediately set out to prepare for a visit to the Soviet Union. According to the agreement between China and the Soviet Union, Mao Zedong's visit to the Soviet Union was set at the beginning of December 1949. On December 6, Mao Zedong set foot on his journey to the Soviet Union. This trip is of great significance to the new China that has just been established. After the war, because the United States and the Soviet Union fought for hegemony, the world was divided into two opposing camps. According to the domestic and international situation at that time, the Chinese Communists openly announced the strategic policy of "one-sided". Mao Zedong's visit to the Soviet Union was the concrete implementation of this policy. The main purpose of the visit was to sign a new Sino-Soviet Treaty and repeal the Treaty of Friendship and Alliance between China and the Soviet Union of 1945. In fact, on the eve of the founding of the people's Republic of China, Mao Zedong had asked for a visit to the Soviet Union many times, but Stalin refused to do so for various reasons and instead sent Migaon to visit China. Later, the Communist Party sent Liu Shaoqi to visit the Soviet Union, which was all ready for Mao Zedong's first visit to the Soviet Union. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Mao Zedong finally got his wish and began his first visit to the Soviet Union. During his visit to the Soviet Union, Stalin and Mao Zedong met and negotiated many times. Considering the vested interests of the Treaty of Friendship and Alliance between China and the Soviet Union, Stalin was always unwilling to sign a new treaty with the Soviet Union. Therefore, the process of Sino-Soviet treaty negotiation is not as smooth as Mao Zedong began to expect, and the path of Sino-Soviet treaty negotiation is difficult. Stalin and Mao Zedong fought bitterly over whether to sign the New Testament. For a long time, the Soviet Union did not report anything about Mao Zedong, which aroused a lot of suspicion. Western countries took the opportunity to spread rumors that Mao Zedong was under house arrest, making the two countries, especially the Soviet Union, extremely nervous. In the end, at the suggestion of Ambassador Wang Jiaxiang, Mao Zedong called a question for reporters and took this opportunity to publicly state the purpose of the signing of the new Sino-Soviet Treaty. At this time, China has also achieved some diplomatic successes, India, Myanmar, Britain and other countries have expressed diplomatic ties with the new China. Under the influence of various factors, Stalin finally had to make concessions and agreed that Zhou Enlai should come to Moscow to sign a new Sino-Soviet treaty to replace the Treaty of Friendship and Alliance between China and the Soviet Union signed by the Soviet government and the Kuomintang government in 1945. This is a major event in the history of Sino-Soviet relations, and has aroused great international repercussions. With the support and assistance of the Soviet Union, good conditions were created for the construction of New China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D829

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