論俄羅斯公共外交對國家形象的塑造
發(fā)布時間:2018-05-06 07:26
本文選題:俄羅斯 + 公共外交; 參考:《河北師范大學》2012年碩士論文
【摘要】:公共外交的概念最早起源于20世紀60年代的美國,隨著全球化進程的不斷加快,公共外交作為一種新型的外交形式逐漸興起并日益發(fā)展。而國家形象則是一國對他國的政治、經濟和文化等方面的總體評價,國家形象作為軟實力的重要組成部分,努力塑造一個良好的國家形象對于每個國家都十分重要。在信息全球化的今天,國內外的公共輿論對一國外交決策的影響不斷加大,公共外交在大國外交中顯示出極其重要的作用,進而公共外交逐漸成為許多國家改善本國國家形象的一個重要的途徑。 蘇聯(lián)解體后,俄羅斯越來越注重對于本國公共外交和國家形象問題的研究。作為一個昔日的超級大國,蘇聯(lián)的解體,使俄羅斯的國家形象受到影響,進而使其在內政和外交上倍受打擊。經歷了解體初期的混亂和社會轉型帶來的困境,在進入21世紀后,俄羅斯開展了復興強國的戰(zhàn)略。一直以來,俄羅斯的國家形象是負面形象多于正面形象,這在歐美等西方國家表現(xiàn)的尤為明顯。俄羅斯作為正在崛起中的大國對本國的國家形象非常重視,因此政府針對國家形象面臨的困境,開展了多種形式的公共外交活動。本文通過對俄羅斯開展的一系列的公共外交活動的實踐及其在改善國家形象的方面取得的效果進行分析研究,以期對同屬崛起中的中國有所啟示。本文共分為三個部分,對俄羅斯公共外交對其國家形象的塑造進行了系統(tǒng)論述。 第一部分,主要對公共外交與國家形象進行理論概述。文章在界定了公共外交和國家形象的含義和特征的基礎上,分析了兩者之間的關系。一方面,公共外交有塑造與提升國家形象的作用,在全球化的今天,國家形象作為軟實力的重要內涵越來越受到重視,各國多通過采取公共外交的方式來塑造本國的國家形象。另一方面,國家形象對公共外交也有反作用,良好的國家形象有利于公共外交更加有效的開展,而負面的國家形象則在一定程度上會對公共外交的實施產生阻礙。 第二部分,著重分析了俄羅斯的公共外交對國家形象的塑造,,是本文的主體部分。該部分首先介紹了俄羅斯公共外交的總體發(fā)展狀況,從中可以看出,俄羅斯的公共外交經歷了起步階段和不斷發(fā)展兩個階段。其次,介紹了蘇聯(lián)解體20年來俄羅斯在國際社會中國家形象的演變和現(xiàn)實困境,俄羅斯的“妖魔化”和“俄羅斯威脅論”等都在丑化俄羅斯的國家形象,破壞俄羅斯的發(fā)展環(huán)境,開展公共外交塑造俄羅斯國家形象是時代的需求。最后,詳細介紹了俄羅斯開展多種形式的公共外交塑造國家形象的實踐,主要包括加強媒體對外傳播,成立專門機構,廣泛開展教育文化交流,舉辦大型國際活動和提供國際援助等。 第三部分,對俄羅斯開展公共外交塑造國家形象的若干思考,是本文的落腳點。該部分首先分析了俄羅斯公共外交的優(yōu)勢,進而分析了開展公共外交塑造國家形象的效果。俄羅斯有著公共外交文化氣息濃厚、名人效應顯著等有利條件,各項公共外交的開展,總體來看對其國家形象的提升有著比較明顯的作用,但應該注意的是在這一過程中存在著缺乏雙向性的傳播方式和國家形象定位尚待進一步明確等問題。上述對俄羅斯開展公共外交提升國家形象的個案分析和研究,對中國有著重要的啟示,我國可以借鑒俄羅斯的經驗,探討我國開展公共外交的方式和具體措施,進而制定我國開展公共外交塑造國家形象的整體發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。
[Abstract]:The concept of public diplomacy originated in the United States of the 1960s. With the continuous acceleration of the process of globalization, public diplomacy is gradually rising and developing as a new form of diplomacy. The national image is a country's overall evaluation of the political, economic and cultural aspects of his country. The national image is an important group of soft power. As a part, it is important for every country to work hard to shape a good national image. In today's information globalization, the influence of public opinion at home and abroad on a country's diplomatic policy is increasing, and public diplomacy plays an extremely important role in the foreign affairs of a big country, and then public diplomacy has gradually become a country to improve its own country. An important way of image.
After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia paid more and more attention to the study of national public diplomacy and national image. As a former superpower, the disintegration of the Soviet Union caused the Russian national image to be affected, and then made it hit by the internal and foreign affairs. Since twenty-first Century, Russia has carried out a strategy of rejuvenation of a powerful country. The image of Russia has been a negative image more than a positive image. This is particularly evident in western countries such as Europe and America. As a rising country, Russia is very heavy on its national image, so the government is facing the difficulties facing the image of the country, A variety of forms of public diplomacy have been carried out. Through the analysis and study of the practice of a series of public diplomatic activities in Russia and its effect on improving the image of the country, this article is intended to enlighten the rising China. This article is divided into three parts, and the Russian public diplomacy is to its national form. The shaping of the elephant has been systematically discussed.
On the basis of defining the meaning and characteristics of public diplomacy and national image, the article analyses the relationship between the two. On the one hand, the public diplomacy has the role of shaping and promoting the image of the country, and the national image is an important part of the soft power in the global today. On the other hand, the image of a good national image is beneficial to the public diplomacy, and the negative national image hinder the implementation of public diplomacy to a certain extent. Hindering.
The second part, focusing on the analysis of Russian public diplomacy to shape the image of the country, is the main part of this article. This part first introduces the general development of Russian public diplomacy. From it, it can be seen that Russian public diplomacy has experienced two stages of starting and continuous development. Secondly, it introduces the disintegration of the Soviet Union for 20 years. The evolution and realistic predicament of the Russian image of the Chinese in the international community, the Russian "demonized" and "the Russian threat theory" are all vilify the Russian national image, destroy the Russian development environment and develop the public diplomacy to shape the Russian national image as the requirement of the times. Finally, the Russian development of various forms is introduced in detail. The practice of shaping the image of the country by the type of public diplomacy mainly includes the strengthening of media communication, the establishment of specialized agencies, extensive educational and cultural exchanges, large international activities and international assistance.
In the third part, some thoughts about the Russian public diplomacy to shape the national image are the foothold of this article. This part first analyzes the advantages of Russian public diplomacy, and then analyzes the effect of developing public diplomacy to shape the national image. In general, the development of the public diplomacy has a significant effect on the promotion of its national image. However, it should be noted that there is a lack of two-way communication and the positioning of the national image in this process. It has an important revelation to China. Our country can learn from the Russian experience, explore the way and concrete measures to carry out public diplomacy in our country, and then formulate the overall development strategy of China's public diplomacy to shape the image of the country.
【學位授予單位】:河北師范大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:D851.2
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