本文選題：樸槿惠政府 + 平衡外交　； 參考：《遼寧大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國是東北亞地區(qū)的域內大國,美國是東北亞地區(qū)的域外大國。中美兩國的關系關系到東北亞地區(qū)的主要國家間的關系,影響著東北亞地區(qū)主要國家的對外政策。如何處理好與中美兩國的關系對于東北亞地區(qū)國家至關重要。韓國作為東北亞地區(qū)的主要國家之一,也需要審視與中美兩國的關系,處理好與中美兩國的關系。在中國國際地位上升、經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展的情況下,美國為了在亞太地區(qū)建立起在其主導下的國際秩序,遏制中國的崛起,高調重返亞太,隨著朝鮮進行核試驗而來朝鮮半島的局勢不斷緊張,樸槿惠上臺之際,韓國國內經(jīng)濟尚未從經(jīng)濟危機的余波中恢復過來,經(jīng)濟低迷,加之,盧武鉉政府和李明博政府時期也不斷發(fā)展了同中國的關系,這樣一個大背景下,為拓展外交空間,為本國爭取更大的外交靈活性和外交回旋余地,樸槿惠政府實施了對中美的“平衡外交”政策。樸槿惠政府實施的“平衡外交”是以均勢理論為指導的,在中美結構性矛盾、朝韓矛盾的基礎上,為拓展本國的外交空間,不斷調整與中美兩國的關系,針對與中美兩國的關系而有所側重的與兩國進行合作,從而實現(xiàn)國家利益最大化的一種外交政策或手段。樸槿惠政府在深化韓美同盟的同時也同中國開展了在政治安全領域的新合作,韓美兩國在紀念韓美同盟60周年之際深化并拓展了其同盟關系,中韓高層互訪頻繁,并開通了國防熱線,開啟了中國主管外交的國務院負責人和韓國青瓦臺國家安保室長對話,開展青年軍官交流、深化軍事教育訓練等合作,并參加中國的9·3閱兵等。韓國同美國、中國的經(jīng)濟也進一步緊密。韓美兩國FTA的一些條款生效,兩國在農產(chǎn)品等方面的關稅壁壘進一步降低,韓國在巨大的壓力下,加入亞投行,正式簽署中韓FTA等。此外,韓美兩國還拓展了合作的新領域包括網(wǎng)絡、衛(wèi)生等,中韓加深了人文及民間交流。韓國通過開展與中美兩國間的外交,一定程度上平衡了同中美兩國的關系。然而,如何平衡好同中美兩國的關系對于韓國來說仍然是一個難題。由于朝鮮進行核試驗,“薩德”入韓問題再次被提出,韓美兩國決定部署薩德并開始進行準備,“薩德”問題又與長久存在并不易解決的中美結構性矛盾相關聯(lián),下一任政府是否會繼續(xù)實施“平衡外交”,這些對于樸槿惠政府的“平衡外交”都是巨大挑戰(zhàn)。針對以上這些問題,韓國下屆政府可能會重新審視本國的處境,做出正確的戰(zhàn)略判斷,和平解決朝核問題,同時正視中美矛盾以及韓國與中美兩國間的矛盾,韓國下屆政府在此基礎上可能繼續(xù)實行“平衡外交”,在重視韓美同盟的同時繼續(xù)充實中韓戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關系,以平衡好與中美的關系,實現(xiàn)國家利益最大化。
[Abstract]:China is a regional power in Northeast Asia, and the United States is an extraterritorial power in Northeast Asia. The relationship between China and the United States is related to the relations between the major countries in Northeast Asia and affects the foreign policy of the major countries in Northeast Asia. How to deal with the relationship between China and the United States is of great importance to Northeast Asian countries. South Korea, as one of the major countries in Northeast Asia, also needs to examine its relations with China and the United States and handle its relations with China and the United States. Under the circumstances of China's rising international status and rapid economic development, in order to establish an international order under its leadership in the Asia-Pacific region and contain the rise of China, the United States returned to the Asia-Pacific region in a high profile. With tensions rising over North Korea's nuclear test, Park Geun-hye took office at a time when South Korea's domestic economy has not recovered from the fallout of the economic crisis, the economic downturn, plus, The Roh Moo-hyun and Lee Myung-bak administrations also continued to develop relations with China during the period. Against such a background, in order to expand diplomatic space and gain greater diplomatic flexibility and diplomatic leeway for the country, Park Geun-hye 's government has adopted a "balanced foreign policy" with China and the United States. The "balanced diplomacy" implemented by Park Geun-hye 's government is guided by the theory of balance of power. On the basis of the structural contradictions between China and the United States and the contradictions between the DPRK and the ROK, and in order to expand its diplomatic space, it constantly adjusts its relations with China and the United States. A foreign policy or means that focuses on cooperation with China and the United States in order to maximize national interests. While deepening the Korea-US alliance, Park Geun-hye 's government has also launched new cooperation with China in the field of political security. South Korea and the United States have deepened and expanded their alliance relations on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the Korea-US alliance, and high-level exchanges of visits between China and South Korea have been frequent. It opened a national defense hotline, opened a dialogue between the head of the State Council in charge of foreign affairs and the head of the South Korean security department, conducted exchanges among young officers, deepened cooperation in military education and training, and participated in China's 9.3 military parade. South Korea and the United States, China's economy is also closer. Some provisions of the FTA between South Korea and the United States have come into effect, tariff barriers on agricultural products and other aspects of the two countries have been further reduced, and South Korea has joined the AIIB under tremendous pressure and formally signed FTA between China and South Korea. In addition, South Korea and the United States have expanded new areas of cooperation, including Internet, health, etc. China and South Korea have deepened cultural and folk exchanges. South Korea has balanced its relations with China and the United States to some extent through diplomacy with China and the United States. However, how to balance relations with China and the United States remains a problem for South Korea. As a result of North Korea's nuclear test, the issue of "THAAD" entry into the ROK was raised again, and the two countries decided to deploy THAAD and began preparations. The "THAAD" issue was linked to the long-standing structural contradiction between China and the United States, which was not easily resolved. Whether or not the next administration will continue to implement "balanced diplomacy" is a huge challenge for Park's administration. In view of these problems, the next South Korean government may re-examine its situation, make a correct strategic judgment, peacefully resolve the North Korean nuclear issue, and at the same time face squarely the contradictions between China and the United States and between South Korea and China and the United States. On this basis, the next government of South Korea may continue to carry out "balanced diplomacy" and continue to enrich the strategic and cooperative partnership between China and South Korea while attaching importance to the Korea-US alliance, so as to balance the relations with China and the United States and maximize the national interests.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D831.26

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