本文選題：美國(guó) + 和平主義運(yùn)動(dòng)�。� 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：拿破侖戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)作為歐洲近代歷史上第一次大規(guī)模的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),推動(dòng)了歐美和平主義與和平運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展。以“紐約和平協(xié)會(huì)”為開端,一系列反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),追求和平的團(tuán)體紛紛出現(xiàn)。隨著和平主義思想的不斷豐富,和平運(yùn)動(dòng)的群眾基礎(chǔ)越來越廣泛,他們不僅在國(guó)內(nèi)形成若干和平團(tuán)體,而且還與其他國(guó)家和平團(tuán)體相互溝通,召開國(guó)際和平會(huì)議,最終發(fā)展成國(guó)際聯(lián)合行動(dòng),共同為反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),追求和平而努力。第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā),給和平主義運(yùn)動(dòng)以沉重打擊。但是,各國(guó)反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的努力并未因此中斷。一戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后,美國(guó)和平主義者相繼建立了各種類型的和平團(tuán)體。20世紀(jì)20年代,“恢復(fù)常態(tài)”成為美國(guó)民眾的普遍愿望,反戰(zhàn)、厭戰(zhàn)、畏戰(zhàn)成為民眾的普遍情緒,他們不想再次重蹈戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)覆轍。他們嘗試用新的方式來防止戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),各和平主義團(tuán)體通過集會(huì)、出版報(bào)刊、巡回演講等方式開展和平主義運(yùn)動(dòng)。20世紀(jì)20年代美國(guó)和平主義運(yùn)動(dòng)出現(xiàn)了其發(fā)展史上的高潮時(shí)期。各種和平團(tuán)體紛紛出現(xiàn),根據(jù)其堅(jiān)持的和平理念以及關(guān)于如何實(shí)現(xiàn)和平策略上的不同,大致可分為國(guó)際主義團(tuán)體、法治主義團(tuán)體和自由和平主義團(tuán)體三種類型。各和平主義團(tuán)體提出各式各樣的和平計(jì)劃,如希望通過建立聯(lián)盟體系、召開裁軍會(huì)議、締結(jié)和平條約、進(jìn)行和平教育等途徑來防止戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),除了堅(jiān)持原有的人道主義和憎惡戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的信條外,還將和平與改造不合理的國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)際秩序聯(lián)系起來,不斷豐富和平主義的內(nèi)涵。20年代美國(guó)和平主義思想受到進(jìn)步主義、自由主義、國(guó)際主義、女權(quán)主義、理想主義等思想的影響。這一時(shí)期的和平主義運(yùn)動(dòng)一方面繼承了以往和平運(yùn)動(dòng)的進(jìn)步成果,另一方面還呈現(xiàn)出和平團(tuán)體數(shù)量增多、規(guī)模擴(kuò)大;群眾基礎(chǔ)廣泛、和平主義者職業(yè)構(gòu)成多樣化;具有進(jìn)步主義和國(guó)際主義色彩;由消極和平向積極和平轉(zhuǎn)變等特點(diǎn)。20年代的和平主義運(yùn)動(dòng)既是對(duì)一戰(zhàn)慘痛經(jīng)歷深刻反思的結(jié)果,更是國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)大環(huán)境發(fā)展變化的需要。這一時(shí)期美國(guó)和平主義運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)美國(guó)的社會(huì)心理和政府的外交政策,抑或是國(guó)際關(guān)系都產(chǎn)生了積極影響。但是和平主義也存在一定的缺陷,它對(duì)美國(guó)社會(huì)也帶來了一定的負(fù)面影響。
[Abstract]:As the first large-scale war in the modern history of Europe, Napoleon War promoted the development of pacifism and peace movement in Europe and America. Starting with the New York Peace Association, a series of groups opposed to war and seeking peace emerged. With the constant enrichment of pacifism, the popular base of the peace movement has become more and more broad, and they have not only formed a number of peace groups in the country, but also communicated with other peace groups in other countries to convene an international peace conference, Finally, it developed into a joint international action to fight against war and pursue peace. The outbreak of World War I dealt a heavy blow to the pacifist movement. However, efforts to combat war have not been interrupted. After the outbreak of World War I, American pacifists successively established various types of peace groups. In the 1920s, "returning to normalcy" became the common aspiration of the American people. They do not want to repeat the war. They tried to prevent war in new ways. The pacifist groups carried out the pacifist movement by gathering, publishing newspapers and touring speeches. The American pacifist movement in the 1920s had its climax in the history of its development. All kinds of peace groups have emerged one after another. According to their peace ideas and different strategies on how to achieve peace, they can be divided into three types: internationalist group, rule of law group and free pacifist group. The pacifist groups put forward various peace plans, such as the desire to prevent war through the establishment of a coalition system, the convening of disarmament conferences, the conclusion of peace treaties and peace education. In addition to upholding the original tenets of humanitarianism and the abhorrence of war, it also linked peace to the reform of an unreasonable domestic and international order, and constantly enriched the connotation of pacifism. In the 1920s, American pacifism was progressive. The influence of liberalism, internationalism, feminism, idealism, etc. On the one hand, the pacifist movement of this period inherited the progressive achievements of the past peace movements, on the other hand, it also showed that the number and scale of peace groups increased, the mass base was broad, and the professional composition of pacifists was diversified. The pacifist movement of the 1920s was not only the result of deep reflection on the painful experience of the first World War, but also the need of the development and change of the international and domestic environment. During this period, American pacifism had a positive influence on American social psychology, government foreign policy and international relations. But pacifism also has certain flaw, it also brought certain negative influence to American society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2

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