冷戰(zhàn)后美國對華人權(quán)外交研究
本文選題:冷戰(zhàn)后 + 美國; 參考:《山東師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文
【摘要】:中國和美國是世界兩個大國,兩國在政治、經(jīng)濟、軍事和文化諸多方面進行合作,在國際舞臺上發(fā)揮不可代替的作用。人權(quán)問題一直是中美之間比較敏感而且也較為重要的話題之一。因此,研究美國對華人權(quán)外交及其影響,對處理中美關(guān)于人權(quán)問題上的分歧,促進中美兩國關(guān)系的健康發(fā)展具有重要意義。 人權(quán)外交是美國對外政策的重要組成部分。冷戰(zhàn)時期,,美國總統(tǒng)卡特在20世紀70年代正式提出“人權(quán)外交”。從此,人權(quán)外交成為美國各屆政府經(jīng)常使用來達到不同政治與經(jīng)濟目的的工具。冷戰(zhàn)后,雖然老布什政府、克林頓政府、小布什政府和奧巴馬政府采取了不同的做法,但是人權(quán)問題始終是影響中美關(guān)系的一個基本因素。 冷戰(zhàn)后美國對華人權(quán)外交主要集中在公民的人身自由權(quán)利、公民政治自由、宗教自由和少數(shù)民族問題、婦女兒童權(quán)益問題等問題上。美國對華人權(quán)外交,首先是要滿足美國全球戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整的需要,美國企圖把中國納入以美國為首的西方制度陣營,實現(xiàn)資本主義一統(tǒng)天下;其次是推行美國的價值觀念和文化傳統(tǒng),美國自認為本國的價值觀和文化傳統(tǒng)是世界最先進、最優(yōu)越的,中國應(yīng)該效仿、追逐;再次是美國國內(nèi)各種政治勢力的綜合推動作用,包括美國國內(nèi)輿論的影響以及一些利益集團的影響。美國對華人權(quán)外交的本質(zhì)是遏制中國的崛起、西化中國,維護美國的霸權(quán)地位。 美國對華人權(quán)外交對中美之間造成了很大的影響,不僅使兩國的正常外交關(guān)系受到破壞,而且還使兩國的合作受阻。美國對華人權(quán)外交增加了中美關(guān)系的緊張感,導(dǎo)致兩國彼此猜疑,不信任對方,這對于中美關(guān)系未來的發(fā)展受到了嚴重的損害。 隨著全球化的進程,伴隨著中美之間的共同利益的增多及國際社會對中國人權(quán)狀況的日益認可,人權(quán)問題在中美關(guān)系的影響將有所減弱,但是美國利用人權(quán)問題干涉中國內(nèi)政的政策不會改變,美國對華人權(quán)外交將是長期的。在應(yīng)對美國對華人權(quán)外交的策略上,中國應(yīng)該積極改善中國國內(nèi)的人權(quán),加強與國際社會的人權(quán)溝通與相互借鑒,向國際社會展示中國人權(quán)改善的成果。中國和美國兩國為了在人權(quán)問題上減少彼此的沖突和矛盾,堅持相互平等原則和相互尊重的原則。
[Abstract]:China and the United States are two big powers in the world. The two countries cooperate in political, economic, military and cultural fields and play an irreplaceable role on the international stage. The issue of human rights has always been one of the more sensitive and important topics between China and the United States. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the human rights diplomacy and its influence of the United States to deal with the differences between China and the United States on the issue of human rights and to promote the healthy development of the relations between China and the United States. Human rights diplomacy is an important part of American foreign policy. During the Cold War, American President Carter formally proposed "human rights diplomacy" in the 1970 s. Since then, human rights diplomacy has often been used by American governments to achieve different political and economic goals. After the Cold War, although the Bush administration, the Clinton administration, the younger Bush administration and the Obama administration adopted different approaches, the human rights issue has always been a basic factor affecting Sino-US relations. After the Cold War, the United States' human rights diplomacy with China mainly focused on the personal freedom of citizens, civil political freedom, religious freedom and minority issues, women's and children's rights and interests, and so on. The human rights diplomacy of the United States to China is to meet the need of the global strategic adjustment of the United States, and the United States is trying to bring China into the camp of western institutions headed by the United States to realize the domination of capitalism. The second is to promote the values and cultural traditions of the United States. The United States believes that its own values and cultural traditions are the most advanced and superior in the world. China should follow suit and pursue them. Again, it is the comprehensive promotion role of various political forces in the United States. Including the impact of public opinion in the United States and some interest groups. The essence of American human rights diplomacy with China is to contain the rise of China, to westernize China and to maintain the hegemonic position of the United States. The United States' human rights diplomacy with China has had a great impact on the relationship between China and the United States, which not only undermines the normal diplomatic relations between the two countries, but also impedes the cooperation between the two countries. U.S. human rights diplomacy with China has increased tensions between China and the United States, leading to suspicion and distrust of each other, which has seriously damaged the future development of Sino-US relations. With the process of globalization, with the increase of common interests between China and the United States and the increasing recognition of the human rights situation in China by the international community, the impact of human rights issues on Sino-US relations will be weakened. However, the United States' policy of using human rights issues to interfere in China's internal affairs will not change, and the United States' human rights diplomacy with China will be long term. In response to the United States' human rights diplomacy with China, China should actively improve human rights in China, strengthen human rights communication and mutual reference with the international community, and show the achievements of China's human rights improvement to the international community. In order to reduce their conflicts and contradictions on human rights issues, China and the United States adhere to the principle of equality and mutual respect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:D871.2
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