本文選題：門戶開放 + 美國　； 參考：《西北師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：文章主要分析的是從1899年“門戶開放”照會的提出至《九國公約》的簽訂期間，美國對華“門戶開放”政策的演變和發(fā)展過程。 第一章論述美國威廉麥金萊政府執(zhí)政時期，在帝國主義列強意欲瓜分中國時，美國政府基于自身實力和國內(nèi)外形勢的發(fā)展，于1899年和1900年兩次向各主要帝國主義列強發(fā)出“門戶開放”照會，并最終確立了美國處理對華關系的兩大基本原則，即“機會均等”和“保全中國”。 第二章論述了從“門戶開放”照會發(fā)表至清帝退位期間，美國政府對華“門戶開放”政策的實施情況。包括西奧多羅斯福和威廉塔夫脫兩屆總統(tǒng)執(zhí)政時期，，美國和俄、日兩國爭奪中國東北以及威廉塔夫脫總統(tǒng)在華實行“金元外交”的情況。分析美國在實施對華“門戶開放”政策時受到的制約因素。 第三章論述在伍德羅威爾遜總統(tǒng)執(zhí)政時期，日本侵華步伐加速欲獨霸中國。美日之間關于“門戶開放”與“特殊利益”之間的矛盾凸顯，以及威爾遜總統(tǒng)利用“理想主義”的外交手段應對日本對美國“門戶開放”政策的全面挑戰(zhàn)，但在現(xiàn)實面前，威爾遜的“理想”被擊得粉碎。 第四章論述華盛頓會議期間，美國“門戶開放”原則得到了國際認同。一戰(zhàn)后，由于美日在遠東地區(qū)的矛盾加劇，美國在華盛頓會議上利用國際條約從政治、軍事等方面遏制日本。通過與會各國簽署《九國公約》，使“門戶開放”原則為列強承認和接受�！伴T戶開放”政策的實施達到了巔峰。
[Abstract]:The article mainly analyzes the evolution and development of the "open door" policy of the United States to China during the period from the presentation of the "Open door" note in 1899 to the signing of the "Convention of Nine". The first chapter discusses the development of the American government based on its own strength and the situation at home and abroad during the period of William McKinley's administration, when the imperialist powers intended to carve up China. In 1899 and 1900, two notes of "open doors" were sent to the major imperialist powers, and the two basic principles of American relations with China, namely, "equal opportunity" and "preservation of China", were finally established. The second chapter discusses the implementation of the "open door" policy of the US government to China during the period from the publication of the "Open door" note to the abdication of Qing Emperor. Including the two presidents of Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft, the United States, Russia and Japan fought for the northeast of China, and President William Taft carried out "gold and yuan diplomacy" in China. This paper analyzes the restrictive factors that the United States faces when it implements the "open door" policy to China. The third chapter discusses that in the period of President Woodrow Wilson, the pace of Japanese aggression against China accelerated to dominate China. The contradiction between the United States and Japan about the "open door" and "special interests" and President Wilson's use of "idealistic" diplomatic means to deal with the overall challenge of Japan's "open door" policy to the United States are highlighted, but in the face of reality, Wilson's ideal was shattered. The fourth chapter states that during the Washington Conference, the "open door" principle of the United States gained international recognition. After World War I, due to the intensification of conflicts between the United States and Japan in the far East, the United States used international treaties in Washington to contain Japan politically and militarily. Through the signing of the Nine-Nation Convention by participating countries, the principle of "open door" was recognized and accepted by the great powers. The implementation of the open door policy reached its peak.
【學位授予單位】：西北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D871.2

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