發(fā)布時間：2018-04-23 12:29

  本文選題：英國外交 + 中英關(guān)系　； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文把研究的重點放在建國以后,集中考察中英關(guān)系在建交問題上的演變。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以后,出現(xiàn)了東西方冷戰(zhàn)的格局,中英兩國分屬于不同的陣營,然而它們并非完全遵從蘇、美意志的國家,而是根據(jù)自己的國家利益制定對外政策。中英兩國國力在20世紀(jì)下半期發(fā)生了方向相反的變化,中國的國力不斷增強(qiáng),國際地位逐步上升；英國的國力不斷削弱,國際地位逐步下降。這就導(dǎo)致了在此時的中英關(guān)系中中國處于主動,舊中國時期那種任人宰割的時代一去不復(fù)返了。但是要明確的一點是,英國意欲與新中國建立外交關(guān)系,并不表明英國對新中國持友好態(tài)度,中英之間依然存在著矛盾。 本文分為三個部分。第一部分關(guān)于新中國成立前英國與中國共產(chǎn)黨的關(guān)系。經(jīng)歷兩次世界大戰(zhàn)后的英國,其實力已經(jīng)大大削弱,在華影響與地位也顯著下降。為了維護(hù)在華利益,英國開始了與中國共產(chǎn)黨的合作。 第二部分是關(guān)于英國對新中國的承認(rèn)。1949年10月1日,中華人民共和國宣告成立。僅3個月后,英國宣布承認(rèn)新中國,成為第一個承認(rèn)新中國的西方國家。由于經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、香港問題、國際冷戰(zhàn)大背景以及蘇聯(lián)和美國政策的影響等,中英關(guān)系沒有得到正常發(fā)展。英國作出了不同于美國的抉擇,顯示了其現(xiàn)實主義外交特性。 第三部分反映了中英建交談判歷程的曲折和復(fù)雜。當(dāng)時的國際大背景和英美“特殊關(guān)系”決定了英國在承認(rèn)新中國后就一直停滯不前。中英兩國在1954年建立“半外交”關(guān)系。直到中美關(guān)系出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)后,中英兩國才正式升級為大使級外交關(guān)系。中英兩國雖然在香港問題上仍然存在著矛盾,但新中國當(dāng)時作出“暫不收回,維持現(xiàn)狀”的決策,保持了香港的穩(wěn)定。20世紀(jì)70年代后,中英雙方抓住中美關(guān)系改善的歷史機(jī)遇,妥善解決了兩國間一些懸而未決的問題,清除了兩國關(guān)系發(fā)展的障礙,最終實現(xiàn)了兩國關(guān)系的完全正常化。 最后是本文的結(jié)語部分,此時的英國外交已經(jīng)表現(xiàn)出力不從心的特點,然而,為了維護(hù)大英帝國昔日的光輝,英國常常借助美國的影響來彰顯其實力。中英之間的關(guān)系變化,集中反映了當(dāng)時復(fù)雜的國際環(huán)境。中國和英國都適時調(diào)整外交關(guān)系,從而實現(xiàn)了國家利益的最大化。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on the evolution of Sino-British relations since the founding of the people's Republic of China. After the second World War, there appeared the pattern of the Cold War between East and West. China and Britain belonged to different camps, but they did not follow the will of the Soviet Union and the United States, but made foreign policy according to their national interests. In the second half of the 20th century, the national strength of China and Britain changed in the opposite direction. This led to China's initiative in Sino-British relations at this time, and the old China's era of being left at the mercy of others is gone forever. But to be clear, Britain's desire to establish diplomatic relations with the new China does not mean that Britain is friendly to the new China, and that there are still contradictions between China and Britain. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the relationship between Britain and the Communist Party of China before the founding of New China. After the two world wars, Britain's strength has been greatly weakened, and its influence and status in China have declined significantly. To safeguard its interests in China, Britain began its cooperation with the Communist Party of China. The second part is about Britain's recognition of New China. On October 1, 1949, the people's Republic of China was established. Just three months later, Britain announced recognition of the new China, becoming the first Western country to recognize the new China. Due to economic factors, the Hong Kong issue, the background of the international cold war and the influence of the Soviet Union and the United States policy, Sino-British relations have not developed normally. Britain made a choice different from the United States, showing its realism diplomatic characteristics. The third part reflects the twists and turns of the negotiation process of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Britain. The international context at that time and the British-American "special relationship" determined that Britain had been stagnant since the recognition of the new China. China and Britain established semi-diplomatic relations in 1954. The two countries did not formally upgrade to ambassadorial diplomatic relations until a turnaround in relations between China and the United States. Although there are still contradictions between China and the United Kingdom on the Hong Kong issue, at that time New China made the policy of "withholding Hong Kong temporarily and maintaining the status quo," thus maintaining Hong Kong's stability. After the 1970s, the Chinese and British sides seized the historic opportunity to improve Sino-US relations. Some outstanding issues between the two countries have been properly resolved, obstacles to the development of bilateral relations have been cleared, and relations between the two countries have finally been fully normalized. The last part is the conclusion of this paper. At this time, British diplomacy has shown the characteristics of inability, however, in order to maintain the former glory of the British Empire, the British often use the influence of the United States to show its strength. The changes in the relationship between China and Britain reflect the complex international environment at that time. Both China and Britain adjusted their diplomatic relations at the right time to maximize their national interests.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K27;D829

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 周乾;羅斯�？偨y(tǒng)與美國二戰(zhàn)期間對香港政策的演變[J];安徽大學(xué)學(xué)報;2003年05期

2 王紅續(xù);曲折漫長的中英建交歷程[J];黨史天地;1998年02期

3 翟強(qiáng);新中國成立初期英國對華政策(1949—1954)[J];世界歷史;1990年06期

4 馮仲平;論戰(zhàn)后英國在香港問題上的態(tài)度(1945—1949)[J];世界歷史;1993年04期

5 徐友珍;;論美英在承認(rèn)新中國問題上各行其是的深層原因[J];世界歷史;2006年01期

6 張脈強(qiáng);戰(zhàn)后香港經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的軌跡及因素探析[J];世界歷史;1994年03期

7 李世安;戰(zhàn)后英國在中國臺灣問題上的兩面政策[J];世界歷史;1994年06期

8 鄭啟榮，，孫潔琬;試論1949－1954年英國對華政策的演變及其動因[J];世界歷史;1995年06期

9 林利民;1949年美國延宕承認(rèn)新中國“共同陣線”政策述評[J];世界歷史;1997年02期

10 潘興明;試析中英兩國關(guān)系正常化問題[J];世界歷史;1998年01期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 曾健敏;試論二戰(zhàn)后的英美特殊關(guān)系[D];湘潭大學(xué);2004年

2 蔡園;朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭中的英國和美國[D];四川大學(xué);2007年

3 曾金海;英國均勢外交傳統(tǒng)對中英建交的影響[D];南京師范大學(xué);2008年

本文編號：1791980