本文選題：英國外交 + 中英關系�。� 參考：《安徽大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文把研究的重點放在建國以后,集中考察中英關系在建交問題上的演變。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以后,出現了東西方冷戰(zhàn)的格局,中英兩國分屬于不同的陣營,然而它們并非完全遵從蘇、美意志的國家,而是根據自己的國家利益制定對外政策。中英兩國國力在20世紀下半期發(fā)生了方向相反的變化,中國的國力不斷增強,國際地位逐步上升；英國的國力不斷削弱,國際地位逐步下降。這就導致了在此時的中英關系中中國處于主動,舊中國時期那種任人宰割的時代一去不復返了。但是要明確的一點是,英國意欲與新中國建立外交關系,并不表明英國對新中國持友好態(tài)度,中英之間依然存在著矛盾。 本文分為三個部分。第一部分關于新中國成立前英國與中國共產黨的關系。經歷兩次世界大戰(zhàn)后的英國,其實力已經大大削弱,在華影響與地位也顯著下降。為了維護在華利益,英國開始了與中國共產黨的合作。 第二部分是關于英國對新中國的承認。1949年10月1日,中華人民共和國宣告成立。僅3個月后,英國宣布承認新中國,成為第一個承認新中國的西方國家。由于經濟因素、香港問題、國際冷戰(zhàn)大背景以及蘇聯和美國政策的影響等,中英關系沒有得到正常發(fā)展。英國作出了不同于美國的抉擇,顯示了其現實主義外交特性。 第三部分反映了中英建交談判歷程的曲折和復雜。當時的國際大背景和英美“特殊關系”決定了英國在承認新中國后就一直停滯不前。中英兩國在1954年建立“半外交”關系。直到中美關系出現轉機后,中英兩國才正式升級為大使級外交關系。中英兩國雖然在香港問題上仍然存在著矛盾,但新中國當時作出“暫不收回,維持現狀”的決策,保持了香港的穩(wěn)定。20世紀70年代后,中英雙方抓住中美關系改善的歷史機遇,妥善解決了兩國間一些懸而未決的問題,清除了兩國關系發(fā)展的障礙,最終實現了兩國關系的完全正�；�。 最后是本文的結語部分,此時的英國外交已經表現出力不從心的特點,然而,為了維護大英帝國昔日的光輝,英國常常借助美國的影響來彰顯其實力。中英之間的關系變化,集中反映了當時復雜的國際環(huán)境。中國和英國都適時調整外交關系,從而實現了國家利益的最大化。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on the evolution of Sino-British relations since the founding of the people's Republic of China. After the second World War, there appeared the pattern of the Cold War between East and West. China and Britain belonged to different camps, but they did not follow the will of the Soviet Union and the United States, but made foreign policy according to their national interests. In the second half of the 20th century, the national strength of China and Britain changed in the opposite direction. This led to China's initiative in Sino-British relations at this time, and the old China's era of being left at the mercy of others is gone forever. But to be clear, Britain's desire to establish diplomatic relations with the new China does not mean that Britain is friendly to the new China, and that there are still contradictions between China and Britain. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the relationship between Britain and the Communist Party of China before the founding of New China. After the two world wars, Britain's strength has been greatly weakened, and its influence and status in China have declined significantly. To safeguard its interests in China, Britain began its cooperation with the Communist Party of China. The second part is about Britain's recognition of New China. On October 1, 1949, the people's Republic of China was established. Just three months later, Britain announced recognition of the new China, becoming the first Western country to recognize the new China. Due to economic factors, the Hong Kong issue, the background of the international cold war and the influence of the Soviet Union and the United States policy, Sino-British relations have not developed normally. Britain made a choice different from the United States, showing its realism diplomatic characteristics. The third part reflects the twists and turns of the negotiation process of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Britain. The international context at that time and the British-American "special relationship" determined that Britain had been stagnant since the recognition of the new China. China and Britain established semi-diplomatic relations in 1954. The two countries did not formally upgrade to ambassadorial diplomatic relations until a turnaround in relations between China and the United States. Although there are still contradictions between China and the United Kingdom on the Hong Kong issue, at that time New China made the policy of "withholding Hong Kong temporarily and maintaining the status quo," thus maintaining Hong Kong's stability. After the 1970s, the Chinese and British sides seized the historic opportunity to improve Sino-US relations. Some outstanding issues between the two countries have been properly resolved, obstacles to the development of bilateral relations have been cleared, and relations between the two countries have finally been fully normalized. The last part is the conclusion of this paper. At this time, British diplomacy has shown the characteristics of inability, however, in order to maintain the former glory of the British Empire, the British often use the influence of the United States to show its strength. The changes in the relationship between China and Britain reflect the complex international environment at that time. Both China and Britain adjusted their diplomatic relations at the right time to maximize their national interests.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K27;D829

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本文編號：1791980