本文選題：軍備競賽　切入點：軍備控制　出處：《西北大學(xué)》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：軍備競賽與軍備控制問題是中東國際關(guān)系的重要內(nèi)容,與中東地區(qū)的和平、穩(wěn)定及繁榮有著密切聯(lián)系,事關(guān)中東人民的福祉。盡管如此,但客觀而言,軍備競賽的危害和軍備控制的重要意義并沒有得到應(yīng)有重視,二戰(zhàn)后開始的軍備競賽至今仍在繼續(xù)進行,其間因軍備競賽不斷升級多次爆發(fā)大規(guī)模戰(zhàn)爭,而軍備控制并未能很好地發(fā)揮遏制中東軍備競賽的作用,今后其工作有待于進一步加強。 以冷戰(zhàn)為界,中東軍備競賽與軍備控制均可分為兩個時期,冷戰(zhàn)時期,中東軍備競賽在美蘇兩個大國的插手干預(yù)下愈演愈烈,多次以戰(zhàn)爭的方式結(jié)束而又重新開始,這一時期的軍備控制受到美蘇爭奪影響,顯得軟弱無力；冷戰(zhàn)后,美國在自身利益驅(qū)動下,給予中東軍控以更多關(guān)注,但主要集中在防止大規(guī)模殺傷性武器擴散方面,并取得了一些成果,但它對常規(guī)武器控制興趣索然(對反美國家除外,如敘利亞、伊朗等國),致使中東軍備競賽尤其是海灣地區(qū)國家間對抗日趨激烈。 本文的研究重點在于：第一,關(guān)鍵地區(qū),如列萬特、海灣和馬格里布地區(qū)軍備競賽的發(fā)展演變,武器轉(zhuǎn)讓、軍事工業(yè)發(fā)展及大規(guī)模殺傷性武器對中東軍備競賽的作用。第二,軍備競賽的根源,它對世界、本地區(qū)及相關(guān)國家政治、經(jīng)濟、社會、環(huán)境等方面的消極作用,例如軍備競賽經(jīng)常性地打斷中東國家政治民主化進程、使之出現(xiàn)反復(fù)；它所造成的國家間信任缺乏,使得經(jīng)濟整合遠遠落后于世界其他地區(qū)；軍備競賽占用的寶貴人力物力阻礙了國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和民眾應(yīng)享有的福利；另外,軍備競賽導(dǎo)致的集權(quán)傾向可能會對人權(quán)造成嚴(yán)重侵害。第三、中東軍備控制的發(fā)展演變、特點及對中東地區(qū)的影響,仍以列萬特、海灣和馬格里布為例,并專門論述了常規(guī)、非常規(guī)武器控制及各個行為體的立場。第四,關(guān)于中東軍備控制工作的缺陷,造成它的原因,它與中東和平進程及安全的關(guān)系。 本文的主要觀點包括：第一,中東軍備競賽是本地區(qū)動蕩不安的重要原因,但不是唯一的要素,也不是問題根源,中東的不安定根植于復(fù)雜的民族、宗教矛盾等,不解決它們,軍備競賽將無法根除,只有和平進程取得突破,軍備競賽才能止息。第二,軍備控制雖不能從根本上遏制軍備競賽,但它能增強國家間信任及合作,為消除中東軍備競賽及其他矛盾奠定基礎(chǔ),因而是不可或缺的。第三、必須建立專門針對中東地區(qū)或次區(qū)域的軍控機制,并輔之以可靠的核查和執(zhí)行手段,在地區(qū)性軍控工作難以開展的情況下,先從次區(qū)域著手不失為一種過渡方式。第四,大國(特別是美國)必須對中東地區(qū)的安全切實承擔(dān)責(zé)任,域外大國是中東軍備競賽的重要參與者,因而對中東軍備競賽的發(fā)生發(fā)展應(yīng)當(dāng)肩負更多義務(wù),嚴(yán)格控制對中東的武器轉(zhuǎn)讓,減少對地區(qū)事務(wù)的干預(yù)。第五,中東國家需要轉(zhuǎn)變觀念,學(xué)會尊重他國利益和正當(dāng)關(guān)切,拋棄以自我為中心的安全觀念和以武力謀求安全、軍事優(yōu)勢的做法,嘗試與鄰國合作共存、實現(xiàn)共同安全。 縱觀中東地區(qū)的軍備競賽與軍備控制,可以發(fā)現(xiàn),相對于長時期激烈的軍備競賽,中東軍備控制工作雖然也取得了一定成績,但總體而言,實踐很難稱得上是成功的,這既與軍控本身的缺陷有關(guān),也同中東地區(qū)矛盾的復(fù)雜性密不可分。但是,軍控仍是維護中東和平的重要工具,今后必須給予其更多關(guān)注與支持,方能為中東地區(qū)的和平與發(fā)展創(chuàng)造條件。
[Abstract]:The arms race and arms control is an important part of international relations in the Middle East, and the Middle East peace, stability and prosperity are closely related to people's well-being is related to the Middle East. In spite of this, but objectively speaking, significant harm and arms control arms race has not been given due attention, after World War II began an arms race still continue, because the arms race upgrade the outbreak of large-scale war, and arms control and failed to play well to curb the Middle East arms race, the future work needs to be further strengthened.
In the cold war, the Middle East arms race and arms control can be divided into two periods, during the cold war, the Middle East arms race intensified in the Soviet Union in the two powers to intervene in the war, many ways to end and start again, arms control during this period by the Soviet Union and the United States for influence is weak and feeble; after the cold war. The United States in their own interests, give more attention to the Middle East arms control, but mainly concentrated on the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in prevention, and achieved some results, but it is of interest to control conventional weapons (except for anti America, such as Syria, Iran and other countries), the Middle East arms race, especially the Gulf States confrontation between the increasingly fierce.
The focus of this paper is: first, the key areas, such as the development of the Bay and the arms race Aventis, Maghreb evolution, transfer of weapons, military and industrial development of weapons of mass destruction in the Middle East arms race. Second, the root of the arms race, it to the world, politics, local and national economy and society the negative effect, environment and other aspects, such as the arms race regularly interrupted the countries of the Middle East political democratization process, making it appear repeatedly; it caused by the lack of trust between countries, the economic integration is far behind other regions of the world; the arms race takes up valuable resources has hindered the development of national economy and the people should enjoy the welfare; in addition, centralization of power led to an arms race may cause a serious violation of human rights. In third, the development of the Middle East arms control characteristics and evolution, in the Middle East In effect, still listed Levante, the Gulf and the Maghreb as an example, and discusses the conventional and non conventional weapons control and each behavior body position. Fourth, the defect on the Middle East arms control work, its cause, its relationship with the Middle East peace process and security.
The main points of this paper include: first, the Middle East arms race is an important reason for the turbulent region, but not the only factor, is not the root of the problem, the Middle East unrest is rooted in the complex ethnic and religious conflicts, not solve them, arms race can not be eradicated, only a breakthrough in the peace process, to the arms race stop. Second, arms control can not fundamentally curb arms race, but it can enhance the trust and cooperation between countries, lay the foundation for the elimination of the Middle East arms race and other contradictions, so it is indispensable. Third, must establish a specific region or sub regional arms control mechanism, and is complemented by a reliable verification and the means of implementation, in the area of arms control work is difficult to carry out the case, first started a transition is from the area. Fourth powers (especially the United States) must be in the Middle East. All assume the responsibility, the extraterritorial powers is an important participant in the Middle East arms race, so the occurrence and development of the Middle East arms race should shoulder more responsibilities, strictly control the transfer of weapons to the Middle East, to reduce regional affairs intervention. Fifth, Middle East countries need to change the ideas, learn to respect the interests and legitimate concerns of other countries, to abandon the concept of security self centered and force to seek security, military advantage, try coexistence and cooperation with neighboring countries, to achieve common security.
The arms race and arms control, throughout the Middle East can be found, compared to the long period of intense arms race, the Middle East arms control work has achieved some results, but overall, the practice is hardly successful, which is associated with defects of arms control, also with the complexity of conflicts in the Middle East. However, an important tool for arms control is still maintaining peace in the Middle East, must give more attention and support in the future, in order to create the conditions for peace and development in the Middle East.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K153;D815.1

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 岳楊;中東地區(qū)核擴散問題研究[D];北京外國語大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號：1706147