本文選題：政治發(fā)展　切入點：政治現(xiàn)代化　出處：《北京交通大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 政治發(fā)展與穩(wěn)定,不僅是世界各國政治社會良好發(fā)展所必需的客觀條件,也是各國學術界廣為關注并潛心研究的重要課題。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來,由西方發(fā)達國家主導的民主、平等和選舉等政治語言漸漸占據(jù)了世界政治發(fā)展理論研究舞臺的重要位置,第三世界國家一波波民主化浪潮的推進以及剛剛在中亞發(fā)生的“顏色革命”表明,西方國家的民主文明價值觀依然是世界各國政治發(fā)展或隱或現(xiàn)的參考標桿。在中國,隨著社會轉型的進一步深化,以及為適應社會發(fā)展而進行政治、經(jīng)濟和社會的改革的全面展開,政治發(fā)展與穩(wěn)定不僅成為黨和國家高層所全力追求的重要目標,其相關研究成果也愈來愈受到我國多個領域專家學者的廣泛關注。為順應世界潮流,準確把握我國當前政治發(fā)展進程在世界政治改革大潮中的定位,并為我國政治發(fā)展和改革提供有益的比較和借鑒,最終找到一條中國特色的政治發(fā)展道路,對這一問題的研究是極為有意義的。 政治發(fā)展理論自其產(chǎn)生以來,在大部分國家的政治界與學術界一直都比較流行,對世界各國尤其是發(fā)展中國家的社會政治發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了深遠影響。本文主要是通過研究和分析關于亨氏政治發(fā)展與穩(wěn)定理論方面的基本觀點。從而尋求對我國和諧社會建設中如何處理改革、發(fā)展與穩(wěn)定的關系有積極參考價值的點。 亨廷頓在他的《變化社會的政治秩序》(Political Order in Changing Societies,1968)中系統(tǒng)地闡述了他的政治發(fā)展理論。他通過大量的事例和材料證明:政治動蕩最容易發(fā)生,尤其是在那些已經(jīng)進入現(xiàn)代化過程,且經(jīng)濟上有相當程度發(fā)展的國家和地區(qū),發(fā)生的頻率最高�，F(xiàn)代化進程中,社會成員的欲望日益膨脹,但社會制度卻沒有完善到能夠滿足成員的需要,二者之間的矛盾,引發(fā)了社會成員的挫折感,因而導致動亂,釀成社會的不穩(wěn)定。同時,亨廷頓通過從社會動員、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、社會挫折感、社會活動機會、政治參與、政治制度化、政治不穩(wěn)定等幾個向度變量之間的關系來全面展示了他的政治穩(wěn)定思想。亨廷頓道出了發(fā)展中國家發(fā)生政治現(xiàn)代化不穩(wěn)定現(xiàn)象的一些原因,對我國現(xiàn)代化的實現(xiàn)有著一定的啟示意義。 本論文的重要內容,是以中國政治現(xiàn)代化探索為切入點,闡述了亨廷頓政治發(fā)展理論中改革、發(fā)展與穩(wěn)定的關系,政治發(fā)展與政治制度的關系,從政治民主與政治制度化的相互平衡及政治穩(wěn)定的維護及本質等角度對政治發(fā)展與穩(wěn)定理論的重要內容進行展示。最后重點強調了亨廷頓政治發(fā)展理論對于中國政治發(fā)展及中國的政治民主建設等問題的重大啟示及其借鑒意義。 同時,我們也不能否認,由于亨廷頓本人的保守主義取向、價值觀的偏好及其采用的比較歷史的研究方法等原因,亨廷頓政治發(fā)展理論有著明顯的缺陷。這點,也在本論文中得到重要體現(xiàn)。本文站在客觀的角度,對這些缺陷進行分析,以使我們能夠對亨廷頓的政治發(fā)展理論有更為全面,更為客觀的認識。 總之,盡管亨廷頓的關于政治發(fā)展與政治穩(wěn)定的理論有著一定可疑的論點,但剖析其中有益的思想,對中國現(xiàn)今如何更好地處理改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn)定的關系具有積極的參考價值。
[Abstract]:The political development and stability, is not only the objective conditions necessary for good political and social development of all countries in the world, but also the academic circles widely concerned and important topic of painstaking research. Since the Second World War, dominated by western developed countries, equality and democracy, elections and other political language gradually occupy an important position on the world stage theory of political development the third world countries, a wave of democratization and the promotion of the just in Central Asia, the "Color Revolution" that the western democratic values of civilization is still the world's political development of implicit or explicit reference benchmark. In Chinese, with the further deepening of social transformation, and to adapt to the social development and political. Economic and social reforms in full swing, political development and stability not only become an important goal of the party and the state leaders to pursue, the related research The results are also getting more and more attention in many fields of experts and scholars in our country. In order to comply with the world trend, accurately grasp the orientation of China's current political development in the tide of reform in world politics, and for China's political development and reform to provide reference and useful comparison, finally find a China features of political development road and the research on this issue is very meaningful.
The theory of political development since its formation, in the political circles and academia in most countries has been more popular in the world, especially in developing countries has produced profound influence social and political development. This paper is mainly through the research and Analysis on the theory of Heinz political development and stability of the basic ideas for the construction of a harmonious society. In order to seek me in how to deal with the reform, the relationship between development and stability has a positive reference value.
Huntington in his "change of social political order" (Political Order in Changing Societies, 1968) systematically elaborated his theory of political development. He through a lot of examples and materials that political turmoil is most likely to happen, especially in those who have entered the process of modernization, and a considerable degree of economic development of countries and regions, the highest frequency of occurrence. In the process of modernization, social members desire expansion, but the social system is not perfect enough to meet the needs of the member, the contradiction between the two, caused the social members frustration, resulting in unrest, causing social instability. At the same time, Huntington from the social mobilization, economic development the society, frustration, social activities, political participation, political institutionalization, political instability and so on several relations between variables to a comprehensive display of his ideological and political stability. Huntington has shown some reasons for the instability of political modernization in developing countries, which has certain implications for the realization of China's modernization.
The important content of this paper is to explore Chinese, political modernization as the starting point, expounds the reform of Huntington theory of political development, the relationship between development and stability, the relationship between political development and political system, the important content and the stability theory of political stability and balance between maintenance and nature from the perspective of political democracy and political system of the the political development is showed. And emphasizes Huntington's political development theory enlightenment on political development and the problems of China China political construction of democracy and its significance.
At the same time, we also cannot deny that the conservative orientation of Huntington himself, the reason and the preference values of historical and comparative research methods, Huntington's political development theory has obvious defects. This, also be an important manifestation in this thesis. In this paper, stand on the angle of these defects, were analyzed. So that we can on Huntington's theory of political development is more comprehensive, more objective understanding.
In conclusion, though Huntington has some doubtful points about the theory of political development and political stability, we should analyze its beneficial thoughts, which is of positive reference value to China's better handling of reform, development and stability.

【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D80

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