本文選題：美國　切入點：重返東南亞　出處：《國防科學技術大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：美國的日漸衰落和中國的迅速崛起是21世紀國際政治舞臺上最引人注目的重大事件。為保持世界霸主地位和維護在亞太地區(qū)的國家利益,美國推出并實施“重返”東南亞戰(zhàn)略,對世界特別是亞太地區(qū)安全格局產生了重大影響。深入研究美國“重返”東南亞的戰(zhàn)略背景、戰(zhàn)略目的、戰(zhàn)略途徑、戰(zhàn)略影響,對深化安全戰(zhàn)略理論研究、維護世界、地區(qū)和國家安全,具有重大而深遠的意義。 冷戰(zhàn)初期,隨著美蘇兩大陣營對峙的不斷升級和東南亞民族解放運動的風起云涌,美國開始介入東南亞,通過建立雙邊和多邊軍事同盟,開展軍事和經濟援助以及直接參與越南戰(zhàn)爭等途徑,極力維護美蘇在東南亞的軍事平衡。越南戰(zhàn)爭失敗后,美國曾經一度疏遠東南亞,冷戰(zhàn)后期由于蘇聯(lián)的擴張,美國再次介入東南亞與蘇聯(lián)爭奪地區(qū)霸權。因美國對直接軍事介入心存疑慮,轉而采取加強雙邊、多邊安全機制,提高軍事和經濟援助,積極發(fā)展經貿關系等手段加強同盟國的關系,利用盟國牽制蘇聯(lián)。冷戰(zhàn)結束后,美國對東南亞的介入再度減弱。 21世紀初,美國以“911事件”為契機,開始推行以軍事為先導的“重返”東南亞戰(zhàn)略。在鞏固和深化原有地區(qū)同盟關系的同時,開始參與非美國主導的地區(qū)多邊安全機制,將視野從傳統(tǒng)的軍事安全向打擊恐怖主義、海盜等非傳統(tǒng)安全領域拓展,靈活運用“巧實力”外交,加強西太平洋地區(qū)的軍事部署,強化了地區(qū)安全保障體系。美國戰(zhàn)略重點的東移、東盟戰(zhàn)略地位的提升和中國綜合國力的增強,使亞太地區(qū)安全格局更趨復雜化,并對世界經濟、政治、軍事格局演變產生重大影響。 美國三次介入東南亞,呈現(xiàn)出“強--弱--強”的曲折發(fā)展過程,但從總體上看,都是基于地緣政治理論的地區(qū)安全戰(zhàn)略,都是為了遏制其戰(zhàn)略對手,都是為了維護世界霸權和國家利益。面對美國“重返”東南亞的新挑戰(zhàn),中國應堅定不移地走和平發(fā)展道路,繼續(xù)奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策,積極維護世界、地區(qū)和國家安全。與美國既要加強戰(zhàn)略合作,又要開展有理有利有節(jié)的斗爭;與東盟繼續(xù)發(fā)展政治、經濟、安全等領域的廣泛合作,在合作促進理解、加強互信;與負責任大國的要求相適應,大力加強國防和軍隊建設,深化和拓展軍事斗爭準備,為中華民族的偉大復興營造良好的外部環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:The decline of the United States and the rapid rise of China are the most remarkable events on the international political stage in the 21 st century.In order to maintain the dominant position of the world and safeguard the national interests in the Asia-Pacific region, the United States has put forward and implemented the strategy of "returning" to Southeast Asia, which has had a great impact on the security pattern of the world, especially the Asia-Pacific region.It is of great and far-reaching significance to study the strategic background, strategic purpose, strategic approach and strategic influence of the "return" of the United States to Southeast Asia in order to deepen the theoretical study of security strategy and safeguard the world, region and national security.At the beginning of the Cold War, with the escalating confrontation between the two major camps of the United States and the Soviet Union and the surge of the Southeast Asian National Liberation Movement, the United States began to intervene in Southeast Asia through the establishment of bilateral and multilateral military alliances.Through military and economic assistance and direct participation in the Vietnam War, the United States and the Soviet Union strive to maintain their military balance in Southeast Asia.After the defeat of the Vietnam War, the United States once alienated Southeast Asia, and in the late Cold War, because of the expansion of the Soviet Union, the United States again intervened in Southeast Asia and fought for regional hegemony with the Soviet Union.Because the United States has misgivings about direct military intervention, it has turned to strengthening bilateral and multilateral security mechanisms, enhancing military and economic assistance, actively developing economic and trade relations, and strengthening the relations of allies, so as to use the allies to contain the Soviet Union.After the end of the cold war, American intervention in Southeast Asia weakened again.At the beginning of 21 ~ (st) century, the United States took the "911 incident" as a turning point and began to carry out the "return" strategy of Southeast Asia guided by military affairs.While consolidating and deepening the existing regional alliance relations, they began to participate in non-US-led regional multilateral security mechanisms, expanding their vision from traditional military security to non-traditional security areas such as combating terrorism, piracy, and so on.Flexible use of "skillful strength" diplomacy, strengthen military deployment in the western Pacific region, strengthen the regional security system.The shift of American strategic emphasis to the east, the promotion of ASEAN's strategic position and the enhancement of China's comprehensive national strength have complicated the security situation in the Asia-Pacific region and have a significant impact on the evolution of the world economy, politics and military structure.Three times the United States has intervened in Southeast Asia, showing a tortuous process of "strong-weak-strong-strong." but generally speaking, all of them are regional security strategies based on geopolitical theory, all in order to contain its strategic opponents.It's all about safeguarding world hegemony and national interests.In the face of the new US challenge of "returning" to Southeast Asia, China should unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development, continue to pursue an independent foreign policy of peace, and actively safeguard world, regional and national security.We will vigorously strengthen the building of national defense and the armed forces, deepen and expand preparations for military struggle, and create a favorable external environment for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
【學位授予單位】：國防科學技術大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D871.2

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