本文選題：美國(guó)　切入點(diǎn)：中亞　出處：《中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院》2010年博士論文

【摘要】： 美國(guó)中亞戰(zhàn)略既存在比較明顯的確定性,同時(shí)也存在比較明顯的不確定性。從宏觀和總體看,冷戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)的中亞戰(zhàn)略經(jīng)歷了從不確定性到確定性的歷程,呈現(xiàn)一種相對(duì)明顯的“螺旋式”演進(jìn)。美國(guó)的對(duì)外戰(zhàn)略中,國(guó)家利益與價(jià)值關(guān)懷總是相互支持,總體以前者為主,但后者在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)也會(huì)因總統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀、美國(guó)安全戰(zhàn)略進(jìn)展等因素而有所突出。當(dāng)然,最終是往往是現(xiàn)實(shí)主義和實(shí)用主義占據(jù)上風(fēng)。美國(guó)中亞戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)中始終把安全利益、地緣利益、能源利益等現(xiàn)實(shí)和“有形的國(guó)家利益”放在主要位置,予以優(yōu)先考慮和滿足,有關(guān)軟實(shí)力和價(jià)值觀等“無(wú)形的國(guó)家利益”推進(jìn)則相對(duì)處于次要位置。 美國(guó)基本的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)具有相似性與相對(duì)連續(xù)性,以確定性為主,不確定性為輔,美國(guó)中亞戰(zhàn)略的基本路徑也有相似性與協(xié)調(diào)性。但美國(guó)決策機(jī)制、總統(tǒng)個(gè)人傾向、中亞的大國(guó)博弈、國(guó)際形勢(shì)變遷與美國(guó)實(shí)力變化等一系列內(nèi)外制約因素,也給美國(guó)中亞戰(zhàn)略帶來(lái)許多不確定性,導(dǎo)致不同階段內(nèi)美國(guó)中亞戰(zhàn)略表現(xiàn)出較多差異性、非連貫性乃至矛盾性。美國(guó)中亞戰(zhàn)略帶來(lái)多重后果,繼而成為帶來(lái)新不確定性的原因,制約美國(guó)中亞戰(zhàn)略的進(jìn)一步實(shí)施,不時(shí)使美國(guó)政府面臨艱難抉擇,促使政府不得不進(jìn)行反思和改進(jìn)。 不同時(shí)期、不同的美國(guó)政府,其中亞戰(zhàn)略體現(xiàn)著現(xiàn)實(shí)主義與理想主義的不同側(cè)重及其帶來(lái)的確定性與不確定性,以及實(shí)用主義外交本質(zhì)帶來(lái)的折中性。相對(duì)而言,美國(guó)中亞戰(zhàn)略中的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義成分更多與確定性相契合,而其中的價(jià)值觀外交、多邊主義外交等理想主義色彩,則可能面臨或?qū)е赂嗟牟淮_定性,使美國(guó)被迫或不斷面臨安全與民主孰輕孰重的艱難取舍,最終往往傾向現(xiàn)實(shí)主義或?qū)嵱弥髁x的天平。不能輕易判定不同政府的中亞戰(zhàn)略是現(xiàn)實(shí)主義抑或理想主義,是確定性抑或不確定性,很多時(shí)候這種界定是相對(duì)的、動(dòng)態(tài)的。
[Abstract]:The Central Asia strategy of the United States has not only obvious certainty, but also obvious uncertainty. From the macro and overall point of view, the post-Cold War Central Asia strategy of the United States has experienced a process from uncertainty to certainty. There is a relatively obvious "spiral" of evolution. In the United States' foreign strategy, national interests and value concerns always support each other. The former is the main concern in general, but the latter will also be due to the values of the President for a certain period of time. Of course, in the end, realism and pragmatism tend to prevail. In the strategic goal of the United States in Central Asia, security interests, geographical interests, The reality such as energy interests and "tangible national interests" are put in the main position and given priority and satisfaction, while the promotion of "invisible national interests" such as soft power and values is relatively secondary. The basic strategic objectives of the United States have similarity and relative continuity, with certainty as the main factor and uncertainty as the auxiliary, and the basic path of the United States' strategy for Central Asia is also similar and coordinated. However, the decision-making mechanism of the United States, the President's personal inclination, A series of internal and external restrictive factors, such as the game of great powers in Central Asia, the changes of international situation and the change of American strength, also bring a lot of uncertainty to the Central Asian strategy of the United States, which leads to the differences of American Central Asian strategy in different stages. Discontinuity and even contradiction. The American Central Asia strategy brings many consequences, and then becomes the cause of the new uncertainty. It restricts the further implementation of the American Central Asia strategy and makes the US government face difficult choices from time to time. The government had to rethink and improve. In different periods and different American governments, the sub-strategy embodies the different emphasis of realism and idealism and the certainty and uncertainty brought about by it, as well as the neutral nature of pragmatic diplomacy. The realism in the American strategy of Central Asia is more consistent with the certainty, and the idealism, such as value diplomacy, multilateralism and so on, may face or lead to more uncertainty. As a result, the United States is forced or constantly faced with a difficult choice between security and democracy, which often ends up in the balance of realism or pragmatism. It is not easy to judge whether the Central Asian strategy of different governments is realistic or idealistic. The definition of certainty or uncertainty is often relative and dynamic.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 周明;冷戰(zhàn)后印度中亞政策研究[D];中共中央黨校;2012年

2 張亮;9·11事件以來(lái)俄羅斯的中亞政策研究[D];中共中央黨校;2012年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 白昱;新世紀(jì)初期中美關(guān)系中的國(guó)家利益研究[D];內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué);2011年

2 王新穎;試論小布什政府中亞能源戰(zhàn)略及影響[D];河南大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1682604