本文選題：日本　切入點(diǎn)：政治現(xiàn)代化　出處：《山西大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代化是世界歷史發(fā)展的潮流,而政治現(xiàn)代化作為社會(huì)整體現(xiàn)代化的重要組成部分,它的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r必然在一定程度上反映著整個(gè)社會(huì)的進(jìn)步程度。一百四十多年來,日本在政治現(xiàn)代化的道路上艱難而又堅(jiān)定的前行著,可以說經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)曲折而又漫長的發(fā)展過程。19世紀(jì)中后期,在西方列強(qiáng)的壓力下日本被迫打開國門,明治政府的政治精英們?yōu)閼?yīng)對(duì)內(nèi)外部環(huán)境所帶來的挑戰(zhàn),開始向西方學(xué)習(xí)并引進(jìn)西方的政治制度,他們期待通過政治改革使國家走向富強(qiáng)。改革后的日本迅速崛起為世界強(qiáng)國,改變了東亞的政治格局,從此日本也走上了對(duì)外侵略擴(kuò)張的道路,同時(shí)也給亞洲其他國家?guī)砹藶?zāi)難。經(jīng)歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)的日本,終究還是為自己的軍事擴(kuò)張付出了慘痛的代價(jià),也親手毀了自己早期的現(xiàn)代化成果。二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,在美國的主導(dǎo)下,日本確立了資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主政治制度,至此才正式走上了政治現(xiàn)代化之路。雖然日本的民主化是美國占領(lǐng)當(dāng)局所賜予的,但客觀上卻符合了日本政治現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的需要,也實(shí)現(xiàn)了日本政治秩序的穩(wěn)定,給予了日本國民更多的政治參與空間,同時(shí)為20世紀(jì)60年代日本經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮奠定了基礎(chǔ)。但是在日本民主政治的發(fā)展過程中,缺乏有效的政權(quán)輪替,從而滋生了一系列的問題,這些問題實(shí)際上都對(duì)政治現(xiàn)代化構(gòu)成了潛在的威脅。2009年8月,民主黨在大選中獲勝,實(shí)現(xiàn)了日本憲政史上首次政權(quán)更迭,今后日本政治現(xiàn)代化如何演繹,成為人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。本文以日本政治現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展進(jìn)程為脈絡(luò),以求將歷史研究和政治學(xué)的分析法結(jié)合起來,在前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,著力闡釋日本政治現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程中各個(gè)階段所發(fā)生的事件和存在的問題,并在此分析的基礎(chǔ)上提煉出日本政治現(xiàn)代化的特點(diǎn)和我國政治現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的可鑒之資,從而有助于我國在實(shí)現(xiàn)政治現(xiàn)代化道路中少走彎路,更順利的實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的政治現(xiàn)代化。
[Abstract]:Modernization is the trend of the development of world history, and political modernization, as an important part of the overall modernization of society, must reflect the progress of the whole society to a certain extent. For more than 140 years, Japan has gone through a tortuous and long process of development on the road of political modernization. In the middle and late 19th century, under the pressure of Western powers, Japan was forced to open its doors to the country. In response to the challenges posed by the internal and external environment, the political elites of the Meiji government began to learn from the West and to introduce Western political systems. They hoped that through political reform, the country would become rich and strong. After the reform, Japan quickly emerged as a world power. It changed the political structure of East Asia, and since then Japan has also embarked on the path of aggression and expansion abroad. At the same time, it has brought disaster to other countries in Asia. Japan, which has experienced two world wars, After all, they paid a heavy price for their military expansion and personally destroyed their early achievements in modernization. After the end of World War II, under the leadership of the United States, Japan established a bourgeois democratic political system. At this point, Japan officially embarked on the road of political modernization. Although Japan's democratization was bestowed by the United States occupation authorities, it objectively met the needs of the development of Japan's political modernization and also realized the stability of Japan's political order. It has given Japanese citizens more space for political participation and laid the foundation for Japan's economic prosperity in the 1960s. However, in the process of the development of Japanese democratic politics, there is a lack of effective political power rotation, thus creating a series of problems. In fact, these problems pose a potential threat to political modernization. In August 2009, the Democratic Party won the general election, which brought about the first change of political power in the history of Japan's constitutionalism. How to interpret Japanese political modernization in the future? Based on the development of Japanese political modernization, this paper aims to combine the historical research with the analysis of political science, and on the basis of the previous research results, Focusing on explaining the events and existing problems in each stage of the process of Japanese political modernization, and refining the characteristics of Japan's political modernization and the instructive resources for the development of our country's political modernization on the basis of this analysis. It is helpful for our country to make less detours in the road of political modernization and realize its own political modernization more smoothly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D831.3

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