本文選題：中國(guó)　切入點(diǎn)：非洲　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：出于回應(yīng)國(guó)際社會(huì)上存在的“中國(guó)威脅論”、“中國(guó)責(zé)任論”等論調(diào),出于回應(yīng)發(fā)展中國(guó)家對(duì)中國(guó)的期待。同樣,也是出于中國(guó)對(duì)于國(guó)際社會(huì)所承擔(dān)的一份責(zé)任和中國(guó)和平與發(fā)展的內(nèi)在需要。20世紀(jì)90年代中后期,中國(guó)提出,要做國(guó)際社會(huì)中的“負(fù)責(zé)任大國(guó)”,并開(kāi)始積極建構(gòu)。不過(guò),關(guān)于“負(fù)責(zé)任大國(guó)”,國(guó)際社會(huì)并沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),主要還是靠各國(guó)自己的理解。中國(guó)與西方國(guó)家對(duì)于“負(fù)責(zé)任大國(guó)”有著各自的理解,中國(guó)理解的“負(fù)責(zé)任大國(guó)”不僅有對(duì)內(nèi)負(fù)責(zé),即把自己的事情辦好,也有對(duì)外負(fù)責(zé),主要是維護(hù)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的整體利益,承擔(dān)國(guó)際責(zé)任,推動(dòng)國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序的建立。而西方理解的“負(fù)責(zé)任大國(guó)”主要強(qiáng)調(diào)中國(guó)對(duì)外承擔(dān)責(zé)任。希望中國(guó)維護(hù)國(guó)際體系,承擔(dān)與西方國(guó)家同等的責(zé)任。希望中國(guó)跟著西方的步調(diào),實(shí)質(zhì)上,也就是對(duì)西方負(fù)責(zé)。西方與中國(guó)之所以會(huì)有分歧,其根源就在于社會(huì)制度的不同。 當(dāng)前的非洲整體上趨于穩(wěn)定,不過(guò),爭(zhēng)端和沖突依然存在。不僅有領(lǐng)土爭(zhēng)端,也有國(guó)內(nèi)政治斗爭(zhēng),軍事政變等。良政和善治仍是非洲需要推進(jìn)的。非洲的發(fā)展已經(jīng)取得了一定的成績(jī),經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展整體速度較快�？墒�,發(fā)展不平衡,人口、資源壓力,疾病的治療與預(yù)防等等問(wèn)題都困擾著非洲。所以,和平與發(fā)展仍是非洲的主要任務(wù)。中國(guó)的“負(fù)責(zé)任大國(guó)”既有自己的國(guó)際目標(biāo),也有對(duì)非政策目標(biāo),包括支持非洲自主選擇發(fā)展道路,支持非洲發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、建設(shè)國(guó)家,支持非洲加強(qiáng)能力建設(shè)等方面。總的來(lái)說(shuō),中國(guó)提出的對(duì)非政策目標(biāo)是符合當(dāng)前非洲的期待的,中國(guó)對(duì)非政策是適當(dāng)?shù)?是“負(fù)責(zé)任大國(guó)”的體現(xiàn)。論文回顧了1956年—1978年,1979年—1994年,1995年—2005年三個(gè)時(shí)期的中國(guó)對(duì)非政策。中國(guó)各個(gè)時(shí)期的對(duì)非政策雖然有一些不足,不過(guò),總體上推動(dòng)了非洲的發(fā)展。論文結(jié)合中國(guó)對(duì)非政策目標(biāo),評(píng)估了當(dāng)前中國(guó)的對(duì)非政策。認(rèn)為,中國(guó)對(duì)非政策已經(jīng)取得了政治上、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)文化上的成就,同時(shí),也存在不足之處。中國(guó)對(duì)非政策還面臨著各種困難和挑戰(zhàn),這里有非洲方面的因素,如非洲本身的不穩(wěn)定局面,非洲國(guó)家政治體制,非洲在野黨和非政府組織等問(wèn)題。也有其它國(guó)家的介入問(wèn)題,西方國(guó)家重新回歸非洲,其利益與中國(guó)存在競(jìng)爭(zhēng),而其它新型國(guó)家對(duì)非洲的積極參與也與中國(guó)之間存在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。另外,中國(guó)自身存在的問(wèn)題也影響到對(duì)非政策今后的實(shí)施,如企業(yè)與政府間的利益矛盾,產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,環(huán)境保護(hù),勞工權(quán)益等方面有待解決。為了能更好地推進(jìn)中非關(guān)系的發(fā)展,本文提出,中國(guó)應(yīng)從推動(dòng)經(jīng)貿(mào)平衡發(fā)展與關(guān)注環(huán)保和民生,積極參與危機(jī)處理和擴(kuò)大非官方交流,在對(duì)非政策中注重與其它大國(guó)的合作等三個(gè)方面提出建議。
[Abstract]:In response to the theories of "China threat" and "China's responsibility" existing in the international community, and in response to the expectations of developing countries on China. Similarly, Also out of China's responsibility to the international community and the inherent need for China's peace and development. In the middle and late 90s of the 20th century, China proposed to be a "responsible power" in the international community and began to actively construct. The international community does not have a unified evaluation standard for "responsible big countries", but mainly depends on the understanding of each country itself. China and Western countries have their own understanding of "responsible big countries." The "responsible big country" that China understands is not only responsible for its own affairs, but also responsible for foreign affairs, mainly to safeguard the overall interests of developing countries and to assume international responsibility. Promoting the establishment of a new international political and economic order. The "responsible big country" understood by the West mainly emphasizes China's foreign responsibility. It hopes that China will safeguard the international system and assume the same responsibilities as the western countries. It is hoped that China will follow the pace of the West. In essence, it is responsible to the West. The reason for the differences between the West and China lies in the difference of social system. At present, Africa as a whole is stabilizing, but disputes and conflicts still exist... There are not only territorial disputes, but also domestic political struggles. Military coups d'茅 tat and so on. Good governance and good governance still need to be promoted in Africa. Africa has made certain achievements in its development, and the overall economic development rate is relatively fast. However, development is uneven, population and resources are under pressure, The problems of treatment and prevention of diseases have plagued Africa. Therefore, peace and development are still the main tasks in Africa. China's "responsible big countries" have their own international goals as well as policy objectives towards Africa. Including supporting Africa to choose its own development path, to support African economic development, to build countries, and to support African capacity-building. In general, China's policy objectives for Africa are in line with Africa's current expectations. China's policy towards Africa is appropriate and a reflection of "responsible power". This paper reviews China's policies towards Africa during the three periods from 1956 to 1978, 1979 to 1979, 1979 to 1994. Although China's policy towards Africa has some shortcomings in each period, however, China's policy towards Africa in each period has some shortcomings. The paper evaluates China's current policy towards Africa, considering the objectives of China's policy towards Africa. It holds that China's policy towards Africa has achieved political, economic and social and cultural achievements, while, at the same time, There are also shortcomings. China's policy towards Africa also faces various difficulties and challenges. There are African factors, such as the instability in Africa itself, the political system of African countries, Problems such as opposition parties and non-governmental organizations in Africa. There is also the involvement of other countries. Western countries are returning to Africa and their interests are competing with China. In addition, China's own problems also affect the future implementation of its policies towards Africa, such as conflicts of interests between enterprises and governments, product quality, and environmental protection. In order to better promote the development of China-Africa relations, this paper proposes that China should actively participate in crisis management and expand unofficial exchanges in order to promote balanced economic and trade development and concern for environmental protection and people's livelihood. In the non-policy focus on cooperation with other major countries and other three aspects of advice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D820;D822.3

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