本文選題：美國　切入點：非洲　出處：《外交學院》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：撒哈拉以南非洲（以下簡稱非洲）是一個涵蓋眾多國家的地區(qū)，非洲重要的地理位置、廣闊的市場以及豐富的自然資源賦予其重要的戰(zhàn)略價值。無論從國際地緣戰(zhàn)略考察，還是從美國的國土安全與能源保障分析，美國在非洲都擁有重要的戰(zhàn)略利益。 美國對非洲事務的大規(guī)模介入始于冷戰(zhàn)期間。這一時期，美國采取了政治、經(jīng)濟、軍事等多種手段控制非洲，與蘇聯(lián)爭霸，力圖取得在非洲的絕對優(yōu)勢。非洲也因此受到了美國的格外關注。 冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后的非洲，蘇聯(lián)霸權影響消失，戰(zhàn)爭沖突持續(xù)不斷，經(jīng)濟發(fā)展困難重重，人道主義危機頻繁發(fā)生。美國對非洲政策進行了初次調(diào)整。內(nèi)容包括，高調(diào)推進美國模式，避免軍事卷入，漠視市場開發(fā)，減少經(jīng)濟援助。 但是，隨著恐怖主義滲入非洲、歐洲傳統(tǒng)優(yōu)勢回歸非洲以及中非關系的深入發(fā)展，美國迫于外部壓力重新評估了在非洲的核心目標，明確了其在非洲安全、經(jīng)濟以及援助三個核心政策領域所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。 在此基礎上，美國再次調(diào)整了對非洲的軍事、經(jīng)濟以及援助政策。在軍事領域，美國加大了對非軍事援助力度，廣泛開展與非洲國家的反恐合作，，以及建立在非洲的軍事常設機構；在經(jīng)濟領域，美國開始面向非洲開放市場，大力拓展對非能源進口，擴大對美非貿(mào)易的資金技術支持，以及推動非洲國家進行經(jīng)濟改革；在援助領域，美國大幅增加了對非洲的援助及減債力度，在非洲漸進式的推進美國政治理念，以確保美國在非洲的主導地位。 再次調(diào)整后的美國對非政策使得美國非洲反恐初見成效，美國對非貿(mào)易及投資額上漲以及美非間的政治關系強化。但是也存在一些問題，包括，難以根除恐怖主義溫床，美非間的貿(mào)易結(jié)構仍然單一以及美國在非洲的國家形象難以大幅提升。這促使美國開始尋求多邊的方式處理非洲問題，為中、美兩國在非洲開展合作留下了空間。
[Abstract]:Sub-Saharan Africa (hereinafter referred to as Africa) is a region that covers a large number of countries. Africa's important geographical location, vast markets and abundant natural resources give it important strategic value. Also in terms of homeland security and energy security, the United States has important strategic interests in Africa. The large-scale involvement of the United States in African affairs began during the Cold War, during which the United States took political, economic, military and other means to control Africa and compete for hegemony with the Soviet Union. Trying to gain an absolute advantage in Africa, Africa has also received special attention from the United States. After the end of the Cold War, in Africa, the influence of Soviet hegemony disappeared, the conflicts of war continued, the economic development was beset with difficulties, and humanitarian crises occurred frequently. The United States made the first adjustment of its African policy. The contents included, promoting the American model in a high profile. Avoid military involvement, disregard market development, and reduce economic aid. However, with the infiltration of terrorism into Africa, the return of Europe's traditional advantages to Africa and the deepening development of China-Africa relations, the United States, under external pressure, has reassessed its core objectives in Africa and defined its security in Africa. Challenges in the three core policy areas of the economy and aid. On this basis, the United States has once again adjusted its military, economic and aid policies to Africa. In the military field, the United States has increased its military assistance to non-military countries and extensively carried out counter-terrorism cooperation with African countries. In the economic field, the United States has begun to open its markets to Africa, expand its energy imports to Africa, expand its financial and technical support for trade with the United States and Africa, and promote the economic reform of African countries. In the area of aid, the United States has significantly increased its aid and debt relief efforts to Africa, advancing its political philosophy gradually in Africa to ensure its dominance in Africa. The readjusted United States policy towards Africa has made the United States effective in combating terrorism in Africa. The increase in U.S. trade and investment in Africa and the strengthening of political relations between the United States and Africa. However, there are also some problems, including the difficulty of eradicating the hotbed of terrorism. The trade structure between the United States and Africa remains unitary and the image of the United States in Africa is difficult to improve significantly. This has prompted the United States to seek a multilateral approach to Africa, leaving room for cooperation between the two countries in Africa.
【學位授予單位】：外交學院
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D871.2

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本文編號：1586633