本文關(guān)鍵詞： 冷戰(zhàn)后 俄羅斯 北約 抗衡 合作　出處：《新疆大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：蘇聯(lián)解體后，俄羅斯作為前蘇聯(lián)最大的加盟共和國(guó)繼承了前蘇聯(lián)的衣缽。在從幕后走向前臺(tái)的過程中，經(jīng)歷了失落、彷徨與苦悶。冷戰(zhàn)后，俄羅斯的大國(guó)地位與榮耀隨著蘇聯(lián)帝國(guó)的瓦解而灰飛煙滅，一去不返。俄羅斯在面對(duì)世界上實(shí)力最強(qiáng)大的、控制范圍最廣的軍事政治聯(lián)盟——北大西洋公約組織的步步緊逼、多面合圍中，深感憂慮與擔(dān)心。俄羅斯人的帝國(guó)心理與大國(guó)榮耀遭受到了最大限度的挑戰(zhàn)，俄羅斯已經(jīng)不得不面對(duì)自己淪為“二流”國(guó)家的命運(yùn)。以美國(guó)為首的北約在冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束、蘇聯(lián)解體后，并沒有像華沙條約組織那樣走向瓦解與解體；而是在美國(guó)的冷戰(zhàn)思維與霸權(quán)理念下繼續(xù)存活；北約面對(duì)上世紀(jì)90年代的天賜良機(jī)在解決了自身定位與生存困境后，日益走向更加強(qiáng)大與繁榮。在面對(duì)自己昔日穩(wěn)定、強(qiáng)大，如今衰敗、沒落的冷戰(zhàn)對(duì)手時(shí)，并沒有產(chǎn)生憐憫與同情之心；而是抓住俄羅斯衰落的現(xiàn)實(shí)機(jī)遇，積極吸納東中歐國(guó)家與前蘇聯(lián)加盟共和國(guó)加入北約，不斷蠶食與壓縮俄羅斯的地緣戰(zhàn)略空間；在北約經(jīng)歷冷戰(zhàn)后的三次擴(kuò)大后，其東部與東北部邊界已經(jīng)基本與俄羅斯相連，俄羅斯已經(jīng)感受到了前所未有的壓力與困境；然而，北約并沒有停止自己擴(kuò)大的步伐，在北約未來(lái)的擴(kuò)大規(guī)劃中，俄羅斯的后院，，獨(dú)聯(lián)體國(guó)家和中亞地區(qū)國(guó)家將被逐步拉進(jìn)北約。從葉利欽到梅德韋杰夫，俄羅斯政府與人民都在為國(guó)家的重新崛起與復(fù)興而努力奮斗。俄羅斯從獨(dú)立之初向西方“一邊倒”的外交戰(zhàn)略中不斷清醒過來(lái)，在經(jīng)歷了不斷尋找與艱難探索自身國(guó)家定位的進(jìn)程后，確立起了注重東西方平衡、多極化的、全方位的，靈活、務(wù)實(shí)的新時(shí)期外交戰(zhàn)略。俄羅斯人的“民族之魂”，“大國(guó)之夢(mèng)”被喚醒，昔日的北極熊在走向未來(lái)的征途上披荊斬棘、無(wú)所畏懼。 本文的寫作目的是通過分析冷戰(zhàn)后俄羅斯與北約在相互交往與博弈過程中抗衡與合作的具體內(nèi)容與基本脈絡(luò)，揭示出冷戰(zhàn)后俄北雙方抗衡與合作的實(shí)質(zhì)特征與根本原因。通過對(duì)冷戰(zhàn)后俄羅斯與北約抗衡與合作根本原因與實(shí)質(zhì)特征的分析與把握，有利于我們把握當(dāng)前時(shí)代發(fā)展的格局與特征，有利于我們深刻領(lǐng)會(huì)世界多極化趨勢(shì)下的權(quán)力分配與制衡，為我國(guó)當(dāng)前及未來(lái)處理大國(guó)關(guān)系及應(yīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)挑戰(zhàn)提供良好借鑒。 本文以冷戰(zhàn)后俄羅斯與北約抗衡與合作的歷史發(fā)展為主線，通過縱橫兩方面的結(jié)合來(lái)構(gòu)建不同階段俄北關(guān)系抗衡與合作的內(nèi)容與實(shí)質(zhì)。本文除前言和結(jié)語(yǔ)外，共分為四大部分。第一部分論述葉利欽時(shí)期俄北關(guān)系合作與抗衡的進(jìn)程與實(shí)質(zhì)；第二部分論述普京時(shí)期俄北關(guān)系的發(fā)展與俄北雙方的爭(zhēng)斗。第三部分論述梅德韋杰夫時(shí)期俄北關(guān)系動(dòng)蕩波折的實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容與原因。第四部分論述冷戰(zhàn)后俄北合作的現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)及其抗衡的根本原因。
[Abstract]:After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia, as the largest republic of the former Soviet Union, inherited the mantle of the former Soviet Union. In the process of moving from behind the scenes to the foreground, Russia experienced loss, loss and distress. After the Cold War, Russia's great power status and glory were lost with the collapse of the Soviet empire. Russia is facing the pressure of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the world's most powerful and controlled military-political alliance. In the midst of many sides, they are deeply worried and worried. The Russian people's imperial psychology and the glory of a great country have been challenged to the greatest extent. Russia has had to face the fate of becoming a "second-rate" country. After the end of the Cold War and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the US-led NATO did not disintegrate and disintegrate like the Warsaw Treaty Organization. Instead, it continued to survive under the Cold War mentality and hegemonism of the United States; NATO, faced with the blessed opportunity of -10s, was increasingly stronger and more prosperous after it resolved its position and survival dilemma, and in the face of its former stability and strength, When the Cold War adversaries are now in decline and fall, they do not show pity and sympathy. Instead, they seize the real opportunity of Russia's decline and actively attract the countries of Eastern and Central Europe and the former Soviet Union to join NATO. Constantly encroaching on and compressing Russia's geo-strategic space; after NATO experienced three expansions after the Cold War, its eastern and north-eastern borders have been basically linked to Russia, and Russia has felt unprecedented pressure and predicament; however, NATO has not stopped its own pace of expansion. In NATO's future expansion plan, Russia's backyard, CIS countries and Central Asian countries will be gradually drawn into NATO. From Yeltsin to Medvedev, The Russian government and people are working hard for the re-emergence and renaissance of the country. Russia has been waking up from the beginning of its independence to its "one-sided" diplomatic strategy in the West. Having experienced the process of constantly searching for and difficult to find its own national identity, it has established a focus on the balance between East and West, multi-polarization, omnidirectional, flexible, The Russian "soul of the nation" and "dream of great power" are awakened, and the polar bears of the past are fearless on their way to the future. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the specific contents and basic context of the confrontation and cooperation between Russia and NATO in the process of mutual exchanges and games after the Cold War. This paper reveals the essential characteristics and fundamental reasons of the confrontation and cooperation between Russia and North Korea after the cold war, and analyzes and grasps the fundamental reasons and essential characteristics of the confrontation and cooperation between Russia and NATO after the cold war. It is helpful for us to grasp the pattern and characteristics of the development of the present era, to deeply understand the power distribution and checks and balances under the trend of multipolarization in the world, and to provide a good reference for our country to deal with the relations between great powers and meet the practical challenges at present and in the future. This paper takes the historical development of Russia and NATO after the Cold War as the main line to construct the content and essence of Russian-North relations in different stages through the combination of vertical and horizontal aspects. It is divided into four parts. The first part discusses the process and essence of Russian-North relations cooperation and counterbalance in Yeltsin period; The second part discusses the development of Russia-north relations during Putin's time and the struggle between Russia and north. The third part discusses the substantive contents and causes of the turbulence and twists and turns of Russia-north relations during Medvedev's period. Part 4th discusses the cooperation between Russia and north after the cold war. Realistic foundation and the fundamental reason of counterbalance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D851.2

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