本文關鍵詞： 低調(diào) 務實 外交政策 德國統(tǒng)一　出處：《山東大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：德國是在整個歐洲乃至世界具有巨大影響力的國家,它曾是兩次世界大戰(zhàn)的主要發(fā)起者,它的侵略型政策對世界許多國家造成了不同程度的傷害,二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束之后,戰(zhàn)勝國對整個德國以及它的首都進行了分區(qū)占領,以避免德國的從新崛起;冷戰(zhàn)時期,德國分裂為兩個家,分別為依附于美國的聯(lián)邦德國和依附于蘇聯(lián)的民主德國,這個時期的德國分別成為一定程度上的主權(quán)獨立國家,聯(lián)邦德國在依附美國的基礎上開始實施獨立的外交政策;隨著東歐劇變和蘇聯(lián)的解體,冷戰(zhàn)隨之結(jié)束,兩個德國再次實現(xiàn)了統(tǒng)一,統(tǒng)一后德國的外交政策與第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之前相比發(fā)生了較大的變化,它不再采取以軍事力量為基礎的對外侵略政策,而是以聯(lián)邦德國的外交政策為基礎,對合并后新德國的外交政策進行了較大的調(diào)整。統(tǒng)一之后的三任德國總理審時度勢,認清現(xiàn)實,根據(jù)當時德國具體的國內(nèi)局勢和國外環(huán)境,認識歷史的經(jīng)驗與教訓,調(diào)整外交政策和具體的外交實踐活動,經(jīng)過三任德國總理的和德國政府的努力,在短短20年間,德國重新進入了世界經(jīng)濟大國和世界政治大國的行列。外交政策是一個國家政策的重要組成部分,它代表著一個國家在某一時期的總體戰(zhàn)略方向。二戰(zhàn)之前的德國,無論是鐵血宰相俾斯麥時期、德國皇帝威廉二世時期還是希特勒時期的納粹德國,德國都是極為崇尚武力的國家,軍事的優(yōu)勢和對外侵略擴張的手段在一定時期內(nèi)幫助德國成為整個歐洲乃至世界的霸主,但利用武力迎來的霸主地位不僅不能維持較長的時間,反而會激發(fā)更大的矛盾,德國與法國之間頻繁的戰(zhàn)爭以及"一戰(zhàn)"和"二戰(zhàn)"的爆發(fā)都與之有關。冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束之后,統(tǒng)一的德國在短短的二十幾年時間里出人意料的利用和平的方式從新走向了崛起,德國利用和平的外交政策而不是武力實現(xiàn)了它幾個世紀以來的夢想,這樣的方式和結(jié)果引起了國內(nèi)外眾多專家學者的關注,統(tǒng)一之后的德國外交政策也成為了國際關系界的研究熱點。文章以"低調(diào)"和"務實"為主線,加入了比較豐富的數(shù)據(jù)支持和理論支持。通過研究,分析說明德國統(tǒng)一之后外交政策的內(nèi)容和特點以及成因等相關問題,同時分析德國利用低姿態(tài)和務實外交取得成功的經(jīng)驗,為當今時代各個國家和地區(qū)之間的問題如:中日關系的處理、東北亞朝核問題的妥善解決以及中國大陸和臺灣的關系處理提供一個經(jīng)典的范例!
[Abstract]:Germany is a country with great influence throughout Europe and the world. It was the main initiator of the two world wars. Its aggressive policies caused varying degrees of harm to many countries in the world, and after the end of World War II, The victorious nations occupied the whole of Germany and its capital in order to avoid the new rise of Germany. During the cold war, Germany was divided into two families, the Federal Germany, which is dependent on the United States, and the Democratic Germany, which is dependent on the Soviet Union. During this period, Germany became a sovereign independent state to a certain extent, and the Federal Republic of Germany began to implement an independent foreign policy on the basis of its dependence on the United States. With the dramatic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the Cold War ended. After reunification, Germany's foreign policy changed greatly compared with that before the second World War, and it no longer adopted a policy of foreign aggression based on military force. On the basis of the foreign policy of the Federal Republic of Germany, the foreign policy of the new Germany after the merger has been greatly readjusted. The three German Chancellor after reunification judged the situation and recognized the reality, according to the specific domestic situation and the foreign environment of Germany at that time. To understand the experience and lessons of history, to adjust foreign policy and specific diplomatic practice, after the efforts of the three German Chancellor and the German Government, in a short span of 20 years, Germany has re-entered the ranks of world economic powers and world political powers. Foreign policy is an important part of a national policy. It represents the overall strategic direction of a country in a certain period. Whether it was the iron blood prime minister Bismarck, the German emperor William II, or the Nazi Germany of Hitler's time, Germany was a country that worshipped the use of force. Military superiority and the means of foreign aggression and expansion helped Germany become the hegemonic power of the whole of Europe and even the world within a certain period of time. However, the hegemonic position ushered in by the use of force could not only be maintained for a longer period of time, but on the contrary would provoke even greater contradictions. The frequent wars between Germany and France, as well as the outbreak of "World War I" and "World War II", were all related. After the end of the Cold War, a unified Germany, in a short period of more than 20 years, unexpectedly took advantage of peaceful means to re-emerge from power. Germany's use of peaceful foreign policy rather than force to realize its dream for centuries has attracted the attention of many experts and scholars at home and abroad. After reunification, Germany's foreign policy has also become a research hotspot in the international relations community. The article takes "low profile" and "pragmatism" as the main line, and adds abundant data and theoretical support. Analyzing and explaining the contents, characteristics and causes of Germany's foreign policy after reunification, and analyzing Germany's successful experience in using low-profile and pragmatic diplomacy. Provides a classic example for the handling of Sino-Japanese relations, the proper resolution of the North Korean nuclear issue in Northeast Asia and the handling of relations between mainland China and Taiwan.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D851.6

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本文編號：1514447