本文關(guān)鍵詞： 選舉政治 美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì) 貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義傾向　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：美國(guó)建國(guó)初期的外交關(guān)系主要表現(xiàn)為對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系的處理上,外交政策也就主要是貿(mào)易政策。在美國(guó)的對(duì)外貿(mào)易史上,貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義與自由貿(mào)易一直是美國(guó)貿(mào)易政策的兩大主題。其中貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義占了大多數(shù)時(shí)期,是美國(guó)對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)交往最早、也是最持久的貿(mào)易政策,一定意義上說(shuō),美國(guó)近代的崛起也與保護(hù)主義有著密不可分的聯(lián)系。影響美國(guó)貿(mào)易政策的因素是多方面的,在貿(mào)易保護(hù)的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)看來(lái),貿(mào)易政策與美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)政治密切相關(guān),受到國(guó)內(nèi)政治制度的制約和影響。其中,選舉制度作為美國(guó)立國(guó)的基礎(chǔ)性制度,對(duì)美國(guó)貿(mào)易政策的形成發(fā)揮著決定性的影響。國(guó)會(huì)擁有憲法賦予的貿(mào)易權(quán),國(guó)會(huì)議員出于當(dāng)選的考慮,在制定貿(mào)易政策時(shí)受到其狹隘選區(qū)利益的制約,這構(gòu)成了保護(hù)主義形成的制度基礎(chǔ)。本文將以政治制度中的選舉制度為切入口,分析選舉制度與議員、貿(mào)易政策的內(nèi)在關(guān)系,選舉過(guò)程中選民、利益集團(tuán)、政黨等各行為主體圍繞著選舉與貿(mào)易政策展開(kāi)的博弈,以及這種互動(dòng)博弈關(guān)系如何導(dǎo)致了國(guó)會(huì)的貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義傾向。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the founding of the United States, the foreign relations were mainly manifested in the handling of foreign economic relations, and the foreign policy was also mainly the trade policy, in the history of foreign trade of the United States. Trade protectionism and free trade have always been the two major themes of American trade policy, among which trade protectionism accounted for the majority of the period and was the earliest and most lasting trade policy of the United States in foreign economic exchanges. In a certain sense, the rise of the United States in modern times is also closely related to protectionism. The factors that affect American trade policy are various, from the perspective of the political economy of trade protection. Trade policy is closely related to American domestic politics, and is restricted and influenced by domestic political system. Among them, the electoral system is the basic system for the establishment of the United States. Congress has the right to trade under the Constitution, and members of Congress are restricted by their narrow constituency interests in making trade policy for the sake of their election. This constitutes the institutional basis for the formation of protectionism. This paper will take the electoral system in the political system as the entry point, analyze the inherent relationship between the electoral system and parliamentarians, trade policy, voters and interest groups during the election process. Political parties and other actors play games around election and trade policy, and how this interactive game relationship leads to the tendency of trade protectionism in Congress.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2;F757.12

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