發(fā)布時間：2018-01-01 05:28

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：從孔子學(xué)院看中美關(guān)系　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 孔子學(xué)院 中美關(guān)系 軟實力 公共外交

【摘要】：中美關(guān)系是當(dāng)今世界最復(fù)雜的雙邊關(guān)系之一。在國際政壇,他們不僅是合作伙伴,更是競爭對手,代表著老牌大國與新興崛起的國家之間的競爭關(guān)系。正因為這種微妙關(guān)系,使得雙方之間缺少相互信任,在更多的情況下,采用的是一種“零和博弈”的思維。孔子學(xué)院誕生于2004年,在十年的時間里發(fā)展迅速。它以教授漢語和傳播中國文化為宗旨,被廣泛認(rèn)為是中國公共外交的一項重要舉措,有利于提高中國的軟實力。在中美關(guān)系的發(fā)展過程中,孔子學(xué)院發(fā)揮著一定的促進(jìn)作用。目前在美國,共有100家孔子學(xué)院和356家孔子課堂�？鬃訉W(xué)院普通美國民眾,尤其是大學(xué)生提供了一個學(xué)習(xí)漢語的平臺。同時孔子學(xué)院也舉辦各種文化活動,向美國人民展示中國博大精深的傳統(tǒng)文化。它已經(jīng)成為向美國民眾塑造中國良好大國形象的一個重要工具。在政治領(lǐng)域,它作為一個公共外交的工具,促進(jìn)了中國與美國民眾之間的溝通交流。在經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域,它在一定程度上帶動了中美之間的貿(mào)易投資。在文化領(lǐng)域,它促進(jìn)了兩國的學(xué)術(shù)、人文交流。因此,它在政治、經(jīng)濟、文化等各個領(lǐng)域都對中美關(guān)系起到了一定的促進(jìn)作用。但同時,孔子學(xué)院在美國的發(fā)展過程中也遇到了一些困難,比如有人擔(dān)心孔子學(xué)院會威脅美國大學(xué)的學(xué)術(shù)自由,2014年芝加哥大學(xué)關(guān)閉孔子學(xué)院的事件就是一個例證。針對孔子學(xué)院在美國引起的爭議,2014年年底美國國會舉行了一次聽證會。孔子學(xué)院被一些美國學(xué)者、政治家認(rèn)為是中國政府的一項政治宣傳活動,他們反對在美國大學(xué)開設(shè)孔子學(xué)院。而一直以來,中國把孔子學(xué)院當(dāng)做一個向世界展示自身正面形象,提高國家軟實力的國家品牌來打造。在這個問題上中美雙方的沖突反映出他們對于孔子學(xué)院的看法出現(xiàn)了明顯的分歧。本文首先全面介紹孔子學(xué)院的運作模式、師資配備、資金來源等。以中美關(guān)系為大背景,系統(tǒng)地分析孔子學(xué)院近年來在美國大學(xué)內(nèi)的運營過程中遇到的問題和困難,找出問題背后的原因,尋求解決之道。本文以芝加哥大學(xué)關(guān)閉孔子學(xué)院事件和美國國會關(guān)于中國威脅美國學(xué)術(shù)自由舉行聽證會為具體事例,展現(xiàn)中美雙方對于孔子學(xué)院的不同看法和觀點。正是因為中美雙方對于孔子學(xué)院的不同認(rèn)知造成了如今其面臨的問題。運用軟實力理論以及前文對于孔子學(xué)院性質(zhì)的闡述,可以深入地分析造成認(rèn)知差異的原因。同時,通過全面分析孔子學(xué)院在促進(jìn)中美關(guān)系發(fā)展過程中的作用,來論證其成功之處。使這一項目能夠真正起到提升中國的國家軟實力的作用,同時為促進(jìn)中美關(guān)系良好健康發(fā)展做出一定的貢獻(xiàn)。在最后嘗試性地提出了一些自己的建議,比如孔子學(xué)院應(yīng)該遠(yuǎn)離政治,著重突出其文化機構(gòu)的角色定位,邀請社會的力量共同參與孔子學(xué)院的建設(shè),在潛移默化中向美國民眾塑造正面大國形象,提高國家軟實力。希望能為孔子學(xué)院今后的在美國的發(fā)展提供一些有益的參考。
[Abstract]:Sino US relationship is one of the world's most complex bilateral relations. In international politics, they are not only partners, more competitors, competition between representing the established powers and emerging countries. Because of the subtle relationship between both sides, the lack of mutual trust, in more cases, adopts a a "zero sum game" thinking. Confucius was born in 2004, the rapid development in the past ten years. It is to teach Chinese language and culture for the purpose of communication China, is widely regarded as an important measure Chinese public diplomacy, is conducive to improve the soft power of Chinese. In the process of development of Sino US relations. Confucius plays a certain role in the United States. At present, there are 100 colleges and 356 Confucius Confucius Confucius college classroom. The ordinary American people, especially provides a platform for learning Chinese College Students At the same time. Confucius also held a variety of cultural activities, showing Chinese broad and profound traditional culture to the American people. It has become an important tool in building a good image of the country Chinese to the American people. In politics, it acts as a tool to promote public diplomacy, between China and America in economic communication. The field, which led to the Sino US trade and investment to a certain extent. In the field of culture, which of the two countries to promote academic, cultural exchanges. Therefore, in its political, economic, cultural and other fields to promote the Sino US relations. But at the same time, the development of Confucius college in the United States also encountered some difficulties, for example, some people worry that Confucius could threaten U.S. academic freedom of University, Confucius College of University of Chicago in 2014 closing event is an example. According to Kong Zixue in the hospital The United States caused controversy at the end of 2014, the U.S. Congress held a hearing. Confucius, by some American scholars, politicians think that is a political campaign China government, they opposed the creation of Confucius college in the United States. While the university has been China to Confucius College as a display their positive image to the world, to improve the country's soft the strength of the national brand to build. On this issue, the two sides of the conflict reflects the obvious differences in their perceptions of Confucius college. This paper firstly introduce the operation mode, the Confucius Institute of teachers, source of funds. The Sino US relations as the background, the operation process of the University in the United States met in system analysis Confucius, in recent years the problems and difficulties, to find out the reasons behind the problem, seek the solution. This paper takes University of Chicago Confucius school events and closed The U.S. Congress on Chinese threat to American academic freedom to hold hearings for specific examples, the two sides to show different opinions and views of Confucius college. It is because the two sides for different cognitive Confucius college has caused the problems now. Using the theory of soft power and above for the character of Confucius college, in-depth analysis of the causes cognitive differences. At the same time, through a comprehensive analysis of the Confucius Institute in promoting the development of Sino US relations, to prove its success. The project can really help to enhance the country's soft power Chinese the role, and make a contribution to promoting the healthy development of Sino US relations is good. At last proposed some suggestions, such as the Confucius institute should stay away from politics, highlighting the role of the cultural institutions, invited social forces Taking part in the construction of Confucius institute together, we will create a positive power image to the American people and improve the national soft power in a subtle way, hoping to provide some useful references for the future development of Confucius Institute in the US.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G125;D822.371.2

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