本文關(guān)鍵詞：論前工業(yè)化時(shí)期的英國(guó)勞資沖突與國(guó)家干預(yù)（1485-1760），，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

        前工業(yè)化時(shí)期是從1485年到1760年這段時(shí)期,是英國(guó)近現(xiàn)代史的開(kāi)端,也是英國(guó)工業(yè)革命的奠基階段。前工業(yè)化時(shí)期橫跨兩百七十多年的時(shí)間,由于生產(chǎn)組織形式的多樣性和雇傭關(guān)系的不成熟,勞資沖突處于萌發(fā)階段且在不斷發(fā)展,英國(guó)政府針對(duì)勞資關(guān)系先后出臺(tái)了一些勞工法令。本文在分析英國(guó)前工業(yè)化時(shí)期經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)狀況的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)于該時(shí)期英國(guó)勞資沖突的起因、形式和特點(diǎn)及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)等進(jìn)行了分析研究,并在此基礎(chǔ)上通過(guò)對(duì)勞工法令的比較研究探討了英國(guó)對(duì)勞資沖突的立法干預(yù)的背景、內(nèi)容和成效。全文共分為三大部分：第一部分主要分析英國(guó)前工業(yè)化時(shí)期的經(jīng)濟(jì)以及社會(huì)狀況,探尋經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)背景對(duì)于勞資關(guān)系的影響。從1485到1760年,英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)狀況主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：人口數(shù)量持續(xù)升,物價(jià)不斷上漲,手工業(yè)迅速發(fā)展和行會(huì)的衰落。這幾個(gè)方而對(duì)于勞資關(guān)系的發(fā)展都產(chǎn)生了較大的影響。人口的持續(xù)回升以及物價(jià)的不斷上漲都促使原先的工資不斷縮水,更高的工資成為勞工維持基本生活的必需。而手工業(yè)的發(fā)展和行會(huì)的衰落則不斷的改變著英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu),不斷的壯大工資勞動(dòng)者的隊(duì)伍。第二部分主要?jiǎng)澐秩齻�(gè)時(shí)期對(duì)于1485-1760年間的勞資沖突進(jìn)行考察：1485-1603年；1603—1700年；1700—1760年�？疾斓膶�(duì)象是該時(shí)期勞資沖突的起因、焦點(diǎn)、主體、形式、特點(diǎn)及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)等內(nèi)容。1485—1760年間,勞資沖突的核心問(wèn)題是工資,勞工與雇主圍繞工資展開(kāi)了長(zhǎng)久的斗爭(zhēng),雖然有時(shí)也有工時(shí)的問(wèn)題提出來(lái),但工時(shí)的增加與縮減其實(shí)就是變相的降低與提高工資,所以工資始終是勞資沖突的焦點(diǎn),實(shí)質(zhì)是社會(huì)財(cái)富如何分配。這一時(shí)期的勞資沖突很少有有政治方面的要求。勞工對(duì)抗雇主的方式有很多種,請(qǐng)?jiān)�、罷工、游行等一直是勞工比較常用的方式,而進(jìn)入17世紀(jì)以后,勞工的聯(lián)合反抗行為開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)并在工業(yè)技術(shù)革命之前愈演愈烈。第三部分包含五個(gè)小部分,前四部分分階段對(duì)1349-1760年間英國(guó)對(duì)于勞資關(guān)系的立法干預(yù)進(jìn)行了研究：1349—1485年；1485—1603年；1603—1700年；1700—1760年。主要通過(guò)對(duì)法令條文的比較分析探討立法干預(yù)的手段及成效。前工業(yè)化時(shí)期勞工法令的內(nèi)容涉及工資工時(shí)、勞動(dòng)力強(qiáng)制、勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)、學(xué)徒制等諸多的方面,勞工法令中出現(xiàn)了一些現(xiàn)代勞資立法的萌芽。勞工法令是英國(guó)政府干預(yù)勞資沖突的重要措施,對(duì)于緩和勞資矛盾、穩(wěn)定社會(huì)秩序起到了一定積極作用。以法令的措施規(guī)范勞資關(guān)系的做法,也為后世依法處理勞資糾紛樹(shù)立了榜樣。結(jié)語(yǔ)部分探討了家長(zhǎng)制保護(hù)主義對(duì)于前工業(yè)化時(shí)期英國(guó)土地貴族政府的影響,指出作為第三方的士地貴族政府在家長(zhǎng)制保護(hù)主義的影響下對(duì)于勞資沖突進(jìn)行了比較積極和公正的干預(yù)。實(shí)質(zhì)上在1832年議會(huì)改革之前,勞資雙方都被排斥在政權(quán)體系之外,因此前工業(yè)化時(shí)期壟斷政治權(quán)力的土地貴族,在家長(zhǎng)制保護(hù)主義的影響下,對(duì)勞資沖突采取了積極的立法干預(yù)手段,這在穩(wěn)定生產(chǎn)與社會(huì)秩序的同時(shí),也保障了作為弱勢(shì)群體的勞工的權(quán)益,從而在一定程度上緩和了勞資關(guān)系。

    The Period of British Pre-industrialization is from1485to1760, it is the beginning of the modern history and the preparing phase of British Industrial Revolution. The period of British Pre-industrialization spans270years, because of the diversity of the manufacture organization and the immaturity of Employment relationship, industrial conflicts is in its infancy and is developing, the British government issued some labor laws. This article reserch the cause, the form and the feature of industrial conflicts on the base of the analysis on the economic and social condition, then analyse the background, the contents and the effect of the labour laws.The whole article is devided into three parts.The first part mainly analyse the the economic and social condition of the period of British Pre-industrialization, discuss the background of economic and social condition’s influence on the industrial relationships. From1485to1760, Britain’s economic and social conditions are reflected in the following aspects:population on rising, rising prices, handicraft’s rapid development and the decline of the Apprenticeship System. These aspects have had a greater impact on the development of labor relations. The rising population and the rising prices have prompted the wages continually shrinking, the labor will inevitably seek higher wages.The second part is divided into three periods in the years1485-1760to inspect labour conflict:1485-1603,1603-1700,1700-1760; inspecting the causes, focus, subject, form, characteristics and trends of the labor conflicts in this period.1485-1760,labor conflict’s core issue is wages, workers and their employers launched a long struggle on wages, although sometimes the question of working hours is proposed, wages is the focus. The essence is how to allocate the wealth in society. There were very few requirements on welfare in labor conflicts of this period. There are many ways that the labor use to resist employers, such as petitions, strikes, and demonstrations. From17century, the joint resistance behavior of labor began to appear and became more and more intense.The third part consists of five small sections, the first four sections reaerch the UK’s legislative intervention inlabor relations from1349to1760, exploring the means and effectiveness of legislative intervention, mainly through the comparative analysis of the law provisions. In the period of Pre-industrialization labor laws concerning wages and working hours, abor forcement, labor mobility, apprenticeship and many other aspects.The conclusion examines the impact of the paternalism on pre-industrial England land aristocracy, pointing out under the influence of the paternalism the land aristocracy conducted a relatively and equitable intervention on labor conflicts as a third-party. Before the1832parliamentary reform, both employers and labor are excluded from political system, so the landed aristocracy take positive legislative intervention to labor conflicts. This protected the interests of labor and eased labor relations to some extent.

          論前工業(yè)化時(shí)期的英國(guó)勞資沖突與國(guó)家干預(yù)（1485-1760）

中文摘要3-5Abstract5-6目錄7-8緒論8-17第一章 前工業(yè)化時(shí)期英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)狀況17-31    第一節(jié) 人口的持續(xù)回升18-20    第二節(jié) 物價(jià)的不斷上漲20-22    第三節(jié) 手工業(yè)的發(fā)展22-27    第四節(jié) 行會(huì)的興衰27-31第二章 1485—1760年間的勞資沖突31-46    第一節(jié) 1485—1603年的勞資沖突31-35    第二節(jié) 1603—1700年的勞資沖突35-39    第三節(jié) 1700—1760年的勞資沖突39-46第三章 前工業(yè)化時(shí)期英國(guó)對(duì)勞資沖突的國(guó)家干預(yù)46-63    第一節(jié) 1349—1485年英國(guó)政府對(duì)勞資沖突的干預(yù)46-48    第二節(jié) 1485—1603年英國(guó)政府對(duì)勞資沖突的干預(yù)48-54    第三節(jié) 1603—1700年英國(guó)政府對(duì)勞資沖突的干預(yù)54-58    第四節(jié) 1700—1760年英國(guó)政府對(duì)勞資沖突的干預(yù)58-63結(jié)語(yǔ)63-69參考文獻(xiàn)69-73后記73-74

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：論前工業(yè)化時(shí)期的英國(guó)勞資沖突與國(guó)家干預(yù)（1485-1760），由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。