異龍湖水環(huán)境變遷背景下龍井村村民生計實(shí)踐研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-07-06 13:29
【摘要】：異龍湖是云南省八大高原湖泊之一,異龍湖的水環(huán)境使居住于沿岸的村民發(fā)展出與之相適應(yīng)的生計模式,而龍井村特殊的地理?xiàng)l件表現(xiàn)出生計模式對水環(huán)境極大的依賴性。 作為一個在異龍湖上往來捕魚的漁民定居而形成的村落,村民的構(gòu)成主體主要是漁民,捕魚是村民們最主要的生計方式,沿湖定居的居住模式使捕魚技藝傳承并沿用至今。除了捕魚外,村民也利用有限的土地從事農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。水環(huán)境變遷之前,村民的生活都圍繞著異龍湖展開,無論是漁業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技藝還是居住格局、勞動分工都無法忽視水環(huán)境所產(chǎn)生的影響。兩次較大的人為活動對水環(huán)境所造成的影響使得村民不斷調(diào)整生計方式以適應(yīng)水環(huán)境的變遷：1971年青魚灣隧洞的建成使得在村民生計模式中占主體地位的漁業(yè)捕撈讓位于農(nóng)業(yè)種植；而開始于20世紀(jì)80年代的水污染以及政府的治理行為又限制了村民的生計活動,村民面臨新的生存危機(jī)。 根據(jù)本文的研究結(jié)果,作為小型社區(qū)的龍井村和反映出大規(guī)模社會特征的地方政府行為在調(diào)整和適應(yīng)異龍湖水環(huán)境的實(shí)踐中表現(xiàn)出較為明顯的差別：龍井村村民在水環(huán)境變遷過程中能夠較早地認(rèn)識到變遷的特征并迅速地做出調(diào)適。地方政府對改造水環(huán)境所產(chǎn)生的后果無法形成充分地認(rèn)識,而為恢復(fù)水環(huán)境所采取的措施也表現(xiàn)出了滯后性和片面性。最終在政府的水環(huán)境治理實(shí)踐和村民的調(diào)適行為之間產(chǎn)生對立,作為被管理對象的村民只能犧牲自身利益來迎合政府的實(shí)踐。 本文由七部分組成。第一部分導(dǎo)言,介紹了本選題目前的研究現(xiàn)狀,描述了生態(tài)環(huán)境和生計方式的互動關(guān)系。第二部分對龍井村、異龍湖的基本情況進(jìn)行介紹。第三、第四部分圍繞青魚灣隧洞來寫作,以隧洞的建成為時間點(diǎn)。第三部分主要介紹了隧洞建成前龍井村村民對異龍湖水環(huán)境的認(rèn)知情況和與水環(huán)境相聯(lián)系的傳統(tǒng)生計方式,第四部分著重介紹青魚灣隧洞的建成所帶來的水環(huán)境變遷以及村民對水環(huán)境變遷的生計調(diào)適。第五部分介紹了水污染問題產(chǎn)生后政府的治理規(guī)范與村民的實(shí)踐和妥協(xié),關(guān)注了政府與村民實(shí)踐行為之間的矛盾和對立。第六部分是結(jié)論,包含了作者對大規(guī)模社會和小型社區(qū)在環(huán)境調(diào)適問題上的思考。第七部分則是對小型社區(qū)與大規(guī)模社會在適應(yīng)實(shí)踐上的討論。 通過對龍井村村民生計實(shí)踐的全面描述,力圖展現(xiàn)異龍湖水環(huán)境變遷與村民實(shí)踐之間的互動關(guān)系,同時也試圖闡述在應(yīng)對水環(huán)境變遷問題時,處于不同群體和不同層級的人群存在著認(rèn)知上的偏差,由此產(chǎn)生的實(shí)踐行為也存在著差異甚至對立。一方面,本研究成果不僅為龍井村獨(dú)有,也適用于受相同水環(huán)境影響的其他異龍湖沿湖村落,而具有區(qū)域性的普適價值。
[Abstract]:Yilong Lake is one of the eight plateau lakes in Yunnan Province. The water environment of Yilong Lake makes the villagers living along the coast develop a suitable livelihood model, while the special geographical conditions of Longjing Village show that the livelihood model is greatly dependent on the water environment. As a village formed by fishermen living in Yilong Lake, the main body of villagers is fishermen. Fishing is the most important way of livelihood for villagers. The living mode of settling along the lake makes the fishing skills inherit and use up to now. In addition to fishing, villagers also use limited land for agricultural production. Before the change of water environment, the life of villagers revolved around Yilong Lake. Whether it was fishery, agricultural production skills or residential pattern, the division of labor could not ignore the impact of water environment. The influence of two great man-made activities on the water environment makes the villagers constantly adjust their livelihood methods to adapt to the changes of the water environment: the construction of the Qingyu Bay Tunnel in 1971 made the fishery fishing, which was the main part of the villagers' livelihood model, give way to agricultural planting, while the water pollution and government control behavior, which began in the 1980s, restricted the villagers' livelihood activities, and the villagers faced a new survival crisis. According to the results of this paper, Longjing Village, as a small community, and the local government behavior reflecting the large-scale social characteristics show obvious differences in the practice of adjusting and adapting to the water environment of Yilong Lake: the villagers of Longjing Village can recognize the characteristics of the change early and adjust quickly in the process of the change of water environment. The local government can not fully understand the consequences of reforming the water environment, and the measures taken to restore the water environment also show lag and one-sidedness. Finally, there is an opposition between the government's water environment management practice and the villagers' adjustment behavior. As the managed object, the villagers can only sacrifice their own interests to meet the government's practice. This paper consists of seven parts. The first part is the introduction, which introduces the current research status of this topic and describes the interaction between ecological environment and livelihood. The second part introduces the basic situation of Longjing Village and Yilong Lake. Third, the fourth part focuses on the Qingyu Bay tunnel, with the completion of the tunnel as the time point. The third part mainly introduces the villagers' cognition of the water environment of Yilong Lake and the traditional livelihood mode related to the water environment before the tunnel is completed. The fourth part focuses on the changes of the water environment brought about by the construction of the Qingyuwan Tunnel and the livelihood adjustment of the villagers to the change of the water environment. The fifth part introduces the governance norms of the government and the practice and compromise of the villagers after the emergence of the water pollution problem, and pays attention to the contradiction and opposition between the government and the villagers' practical behavior. The sixth part is the conclusion, which includes the author's thinking on the environmental adaptation of large-scale society and small community. The seventh part is the discussion of the adaptation practice of small community and large-scale society. Through a comprehensive description of the livelihood practice of the villagers in Longjing Village, this paper tries to show the interactive relationship between the change of the water environment of Yilong Lake and the practice of the villagers. At the same time, it also tries to explain that in dealing with the problem of the change of the water environment, there are cognitive biases in different groups and different levels of the population, and the resulting practical behavior is also different or even antagonistic. On the one hand, the results of this study are not only unique to Longjing Village, but also suitable for other Yilong Lake villages affected by the same water environment, and have regional universal value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：C912.82
本文編號：2511050
[Abstract]:Yilong Lake is one of the eight plateau lakes in Yunnan Province. The water environment of Yilong Lake makes the villagers living along the coast develop a suitable livelihood model, while the special geographical conditions of Longjing Village show that the livelihood model is greatly dependent on the water environment. As a village formed by fishermen living in Yilong Lake, the main body of villagers is fishermen. Fishing is the most important way of livelihood for villagers. The living mode of settling along the lake makes the fishing skills inherit and use up to now. In addition to fishing, villagers also use limited land for agricultural production. Before the change of water environment, the life of villagers revolved around Yilong Lake. Whether it was fishery, agricultural production skills or residential pattern, the division of labor could not ignore the impact of water environment. The influence of two great man-made activities on the water environment makes the villagers constantly adjust their livelihood methods to adapt to the changes of the water environment: the construction of the Qingyu Bay Tunnel in 1971 made the fishery fishing, which was the main part of the villagers' livelihood model, give way to agricultural planting, while the water pollution and government control behavior, which began in the 1980s, restricted the villagers' livelihood activities, and the villagers faced a new survival crisis. According to the results of this paper, Longjing Village, as a small community, and the local government behavior reflecting the large-scale social characteristics show obvious differences in the practice of adjusting and adapting to the water environment of Yilong Lake: the villagers of Longjing Village can recognize the characteristics of the change early and adjust quickly in the process of the change of water environment. The local government can not fully understand the consequences of reforming the water environment, and the measures taken to restore the water environment also show lag and one-sidedness. Finally, there is an opposition between the government's water environment management practice and the villagers' adjustment behavior. As the managed object, the villagers can only sacrifice their own interests to meet the government's practice. This paper consists of seven parts. The first part is the introduction, which introduces the current research status of this topic and describes the interaction between ecological environment and livelihood. The second part introduces the basic situation of Longjing Village and Yilong Lake. Third, the fourth part focuses on the Qingyu Bay tunnel, with the completion of the tunnel as the time point. The third part mainly introduces the villagers' cognition of the water environment of Yilong Lake and the traditional livelihood mode related to the water environment before the tunnel is completed. The fourth part focuses on the changes of the water environment brought about by the construction of the Qingyuwan Tunnel and the livelihood adjustment of the villagers to the change of the water environment. The fifth part introduces the governance norms of the government and the practice and compromise of the villagers after the emergence of the water pollution problem, and pays attention to the contradiction and opposition between the government and the villagers' practical behavior. The sixth part is the conclusion, which includes the author's thinking on the environmental adaptation of large-scale society and small community. The seventh part is the discussion of the adaptation practice of small community and large-scale society. Through a comprehensive description of the livelihood practice of the villagers in Longjing Village, this paper tries to show the interactive relationship between the change of the water environment of Yilong Lake and the practice of the villagers. At the same time, it also tries to explain that in dealing with the problem of the change of the water environment, there are cognitive biases in different groups and different levels of the population, and the resulting practical behavior is also different or even antagonistic. On the one hand, the results of this study are not only unique to Longjing Village, but also suitable for other Yilong Lake villages affected by the same water environment, and have regional universal value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：C912.82
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