【摘要】：收入不平等問(wèn)題一直以來(lái)都是勞動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)話題。此前的大部分研究都集中在性別收入差距和種族收入差距的問(wèn)題上,很少有研究對(duì)性取向收入差距進(jìn)行分析。然而,事實(shí)上性與性別少數(shù)群體在權(quán)力關(guān)系上往往處于相對(duì)弱勢(shì)的地位,因而可能面臨更嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)歧視。這種歧視也體現(xiàn)在了勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)上針對(duì)同性戀人群的收入歧視。研究性取向收入歧視的變化趨勢(shì)及其相關(guān)影響因素對(duì)于揭示性少數(shù)人群勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)真實(shí)工作狀況十分必要,具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文以性取向收入差距為考察對(duì)象,研究了美國(guó)男性居民性取向收入差距的時(shí)點(diǎn)特征、變化趨勢(shì)及其相關(guān)影響因素,具體體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面:(1)對(duì)關(guān)于美國(guó)居民性取向收入差距研究的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)性的歸納和總結(jié);(2)利用描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)的方法對(duì)美國(guó)男性不同性取向的工作者的收入狀況及收入差距進(jìn)行了分析,初步考察了不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)上不同的性取向收入差距;(3)利用非條件分位數(shù)回歸方法,對(duì)不同性取向不同時(shí)期的收入方程進(jìn)行了估計(jì),考察了不同的生產(chǎn)力特征因素以及不同的個(gè)人特征因素對(duì)于不通分位數(shù)上收入的貢獻(xiàn)程度及變化情況;(4)基于Oaxaca-Blinder均值收入差異分解方法和分位數(shù)收入差異分解方法對(duì)不同時(shí)期的性取向收入差異進(jìn)行分解分析,在均值和分位數(shù)水平上探究收入差距可能與哪些影響因素有關(guān);(5)根據(jù)研究的結(jié)果提出相應(yīng)的減少歧視性少數(shù)人群的對(duì)策和建議。本論文的主要結(jié)論有:(1)美國(guó)性取向收入差距存在不斷縮小的趨勢(shì),在2011-2014年,收入差距基本消失,并且男性同性戀的收入略高于男性異性戀的收入;(2)性取向歧視在勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)上依然廣泛存在,高收入水平上性取向歧視雖然有減少趨勢(shì)但依然嚴(yán)重。高收入的男性同性戀群體在勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)上,相較于男性異性戀群體更難得到更多收入回報(bào);(3)男性同性戀工作者普遍較高的教育程度對(duì)減少性取向收入差距起到了正向的影響作用。
[Abstract]:Income inequality has always been a hot topic in the study of labor economics. Most of the previous studies focused on the gender income gap and racial income gap, and few studies analyzed the gender-oriented income gap. However, in fact, sex and gender minorities are often in a relatively weak position in the power relationship, so they may face more serious social discrimination. This discrimination is also reflected in the labour market against homosexual income discrimination. The change trend of research-oriented income discrimination and its related influencing factors are very necessary for revealing the real working situation of minority labor market, which is of great practical significance. Taking the sexual orientation income gap as the research object, this paper studies the time-point characteristics, the changing trend and the related influencing factors of the sexual orientation income gap among American male residents. Specifically reflected in the following aspects: (1) the relevant literature on the sexual orientation income gap of American residents is summarized and summarized systematically; (2) A descriptive statistical method was used to analyze the income status and income gap of American male workers with different sexual orientation, and the difference of sexual orientation income at different time points was preliminarily investigated. (3) the non-conditional quantile regression method is used to estimate the income equations of different sexual orientation and different periods. The contribution degree and variation of different productivity characteristics and personal characteristics to the income in the unquantile were investigated. (4) based on the Oaxaca-Blinder mean income difference decomposition method and the quantile income difference decomposition method, the sex-oriented income difference in different periods is decomposed and analyzed. At the level of mean and quantile, this paper explores which influencing factors the income gap may be related to; (5) according to the results of the study, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to reduce the discrimination of minority groups. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) there is a decreasing trend of sexual orientation income gap in the United States. In 2011-2014, the income gap basically disappeared, and the income of gay men is slightly higher than that of heterosexual men. (2) sexual orientation discrimination is still widespread in the labor market, and sexual orientation discrimination on high income level has a decreasing trend, but it is still serious. It is more difficult for high-income gay men to get more income returns than heterosexual men in the labour market. (3) the higher education level of male homosexual workers has a positive effect on reducing the income gap of sexual orientation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：C913.14;F171.2
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本文編號(hào)：2442874