【摘要】：目的調(diào)查與分析城市老年人養(yǎng)護(hù)模式選擇和生活質(zhì)量現(xiàn)狀,了解老年人生活狀態(tài)和養(yǎng)護(hù)需求,探索影響他們生活質(zhì)量的不利因素并提出可行的對策。為我國老年養(yǎng)護(hù)事業(yè)的發(fā)展提供科學(xué)依據(jù)與參考,以加快解決我國老齡化問題的進(jìn)程。方法2014年10月1日~11月23日,通過主觀便利抽樣的方法對居住在遼寧省錦州市古塔區(qū)、凌河區(qū)的725位老人展開問卷調(diào)查。運(yùn)用城市老年人一般信息調(diào)查問卷、老年人日常的生活活動能力(Activity of Daily Living Scale,ADLs)量表、簡明健康狀況調(diào)查表(The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey,SF-36)對老年人養(yǎng)護(hù)模式選擇和生活質(zhì)量現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行調(diào)查,分析其影響因素以及比較養(yǎng)護(hù)模式不同的老年人在基本養(yǎng)老情況、生活質(zhì)量和養(yǎng)護(hù)需求等方面的差異。采用SPSS19.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件包處理收集的信息和數(shù)據(jù)。本研究應(yīng)用了描述性統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析、χ2檢驗、二分類logistic回歸分析、t檢驗、方差分析、Spearman秩相關(guān)性檢驗、Mann-Whitney秩和檢驗等醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理和分析。檢驗水準(zhǔn)α=0.05,以P0.05有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。結(jié)果1、共發(fā)放725份問卷,全部回收,有效問卷706份,有效回收率97.38%。家庭養(yǎng)護(hù)老年人數(shù)量348人(占49.29%),機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)護(hù)老年人數(shù)量358人(占50.71%)。2、老年人選擇家庭與機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)護(hù)模式的影響因素主要包括年齡、患病數(shù)量、自理能力、月收入、經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況、配偶情況、子女?dāng)?shù)量、社交活動、興趣愛好、和家人感情狀況(P0.05)。3、對老年人生活質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生顯著影響的相關(guān)性因素主要有年齡、配偶情況、和家人感情狀況、月收入、經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況、患病數(shù)量、自理能力、興趣愛好、社交活動、文化程度(P0.05)。4、家庭養(yǎng)護(hù)模式下老年人生活質(zhì)量為67.68±32.05,機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)護(hù)模式下老年人生活質(zhì)量為43.64±32.20。5、家庭養(yǎng)護(hù)模式下老年人生活照料的秩均值為277.58、醫(yī)療護(hù)理需求秩均值為282.15、精神文化需求秩均值為398.77;機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)護(hù)模式下老年人生活照料的秩均值為427.29、醫(yī)療護(hù)理需求秩均值為422.86、精神文化需求秩均值為309.49。結(jié)論錦州市老年養(yǎng)護(hù)模式的發(fā)展相對緩慢,現(xiàn)有的養(yǎng)護(hù)模式尚不完善,家庭養(yǎng)護(hù)仍然是其主要的養(yǎng)護(hù)模式,養(yǎng)護(hù)效果明顯優(yōu)于機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)護(hù)。養(yǎng)護(hù)機(jī)構(gòu)和養(yǎng)護(hù)服務(wù)的發(fā)展仍處于較低水平,難以滿足老年人日益增長的現(xiàn)實需求,對提高老人生活質(zhì)量造成了不利的影響。應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)貫徹實施國家養(yǎng)老產(chǎn)業(yè)改革政策方針,完善現(xiàn)有的養(yǎng)護(hù)模式,重視養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)的發(fā)展,豐富養(yǎng)老服務(wù)內(nèi)容,改善養(yǎng)老現(xiàn)狀。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate and analyze the choice of conservation mode and the present situation of quality of life of the elderly in cities, to understand their living conditions and maintenance needs, to explore the unfavorable factors affecting their quality of life and to put forward feasible countermeasures. It provides the scientific basis and reference for the development of the aged conservation cause in our country, in order to speed up the process of solving the aging problem in our country. Methods from October 1 to November 23, 2014, 725 elderly people living in Guta District, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province were investigated by subjective convenience sampling. Using the questionnaire of general information of the elderly in cities, the (Activity of Daily Living Scale,ADLs) scale of the activity of daily life of the elderly, and the (The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, of the health status of the elderly, a concise questionnaire is given. SF-36) to investigate the status quo of nursing mode selection and quality of life of the elderly, and to analyze its influencing factors and the differences in basic old-age situation, quality of life and maintenance demand of the elderly with different conservation modes. SPSS19.0 statistical software package was used to process the collected information and data. In this study, descriptive statistical analysis, 蠂 2 test, binary logistic regression analysis, t test, variance analysis, Spearman rank correlation test, Mann-Whitney rank sum test and other medical statistical methods were used to process and analyze the data. Test level 偽 = 0.05, with P0.05 statistical significance. Results 1. A total of 725 questionnaires were distributed, all of them were collected, 706 valid questionnaires, and the effective recovery rate was 97.38. 348 elderly people (49.29%) in family care and 358 (50.71%) in institutional care. 2. The main factors influencing the elderly's choice of family and institutional care model include age, number of diseases, ability to take care of themselves. Monthly income, economic status, spouse status, number of children, social activities, hobbies, and family emotional status (P0.05). 3. The main factors that have a significant impact on the quality of life of the elderly are age and spouse. And family emotional status, monthly income, economic status, number of illness, self-care ability, hobbies, social activities, education level (P0.05). 4. The quality of life of the elderly in the family care mode was 67.68 鹵32.05. The quality of life was 43.64 鹵32.20.5 in institutional care mode, 277.58 in family care mode, 282.15 in medical care demand and 398.77 in spiritual and cultural needs. The average rank of life care was 427.29, the rank of medical care was 422.86, and the average of spiritual and cultural needs was 309.49. Conclusion the development of the old age conservation model in Jinzhou is relatively slow, the existing conservation model is not perfect, the family conservation is still the main conservation mode, and the maintenance effect is obviously better than that of the institutional conservation. The development of conservation institutions and conservation services is still at a low level, which is difficult to meet the growing needs of the elderly and has a negative impact on the improvement of the quality of life of the elderly. We should carry out the policy of national old-age industry reform, perfect the existing maintenance mode, attach importance to the development of pension institutions, enrich the contents of pension services, and improve the present situation of old-age care.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：錦州醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：C913.6

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