社會個體化視角下的上海年輕技術移民社會融入問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-31 14:43
【摘要】：本文主要運用“社會個體化”的理論視角來探討中國城市新移民扎根城市的狀況。社會個體化理論認為隨著現(xiàn)代化進程的展開和深化推進,社會中的個體日益從傳統(tǒng)的社會約束中脫離出來,即發(fā)生“脫嵌”,并反過來使社會結構發(fā)生轉變。本文嘗試從社會個體化的理論視角透視上海城市新移民社會融入問題,并在與社會個體化理論的對話過程中,重點關注以下三個方面的問題:首先,社會個體化理論認為中國社會個體的崛起,使年輕城市移民在生命軌跡的選擇上有了更多的自我考慮空間,而這看似自由的選擇背后又有著市場和政府合力建構的結構引導和制約存在,據(jù)此,本文想進一步探討個體崛起所獲得的自由空間對于年輕技術移民融入城市社會是否起到正向的促進作用?其次,高社會流動性是社會個體化現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的重要背景,而個體化理論認為參與了流動的年輕個體會反過來重塑他們與社會群體和制度的關系,促進社會制度的改變。那么,這種關系的重塑會在多大程度上影響年輕城市移民的社會融入呢?最后,由于我國和西歐社會的歷史文化差別,中國社會中崛起的個體往往都成為了“無公德的自我”,這又是否會在哪些層面影響年輕技術民的社會融入策略,以及其扎根城市的態(tài)度?通過對上海年輕技術移民群體的實證研究,本文得出以下結論:第一,社會個體的崛起確實使得年輕城市移民在生命軌跡選擇上增加了自主性,但由于存在社會結構的制約和引導,個體在看似無限寬廣的選擇域里實際可選擇道路仍然有限,故因自我選擇空間增加而對社會融入的正向促進作用不顯著;第二,高流動性帶來的年輕個體的崛起使得他們擁有了多重社會網(wǎng)絡,隨著其生命軌跡的變遷,其社會支持網(wǎng)絡出現(xiàn)了流動性和多重性,這是年輕技術移民社會融入的途徑和適應的結果,有利于年輕個體進入陌生社會場景初期的社會融入;第三,我國有別于西方國家的歷史文化背景使得崛起的個體成為“無公德的自我”,一方面在社會融入策略上更傾向于選擇以“自我小生境”來消解城市融入的壓力,另一方面,新移民們大多對于改變城市宏觀制度結構感到無力,致使其更關注個人生存空間而形成一種“自我負責”的意識,從而呈現(xiàn)出一種試圖跨越解放政治而直接追尋生活政治的急進型現(xiàn)代化的狀態(tài),這樣一種狀態(tài)在很大程度上不利于推動和促進城市新移民社會融入宏觀環(huán)境的改善。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly uses the theory of "social individualization" to probe into the situation of Chinese urban new immigrants taking root in cities. The theory of social individualization holds that with the development and deepening of the modernization process, the individuals in the society are increasingly separated from the traditional social constraints, that is, "de-embedding" occurs, which in turn makes the social structure change. This paper attempts to examine the social integration of new immigrants in Shanghai from the perspective of social individualization, and focuses on the following three aspects in the process of dialogue with the social individualization theory: first of all, The social individualization theory holds that the rise of Chinese social individuals has given young urban immigrants more room to think about themselves in the choice of their life trajectories. And behind this seemingly free choice lies the structure of the market and the government, which is guided and restricted by the combination of the market and the government. This article would like to further explore whether the free space gained by the rise of individuals plays a positive role in promoting the integration of young skilled immigrants into urban society. Secondly, high social mobility is the important background of the phenomenon of social individualization, and individualization theory holds that young individuals who participate in the mobility will in turn reshape their relationship with social groups and institutions, and promote the change of social system. So to what extent will this reshape affect the social integration of young urban migrants? Finally, due to the historical and cultural differences between China and Western Europe, the rising individuals in Chinese society have often become "unscrupulous selves". Will this influence the social integration strategy of young technologists at what level? And their attitude toward taking root in the city? Based on the empirical study of the young skilled immigrants in Shanghai, this paper draws the following conclusions: first, the rise of social individuals does increase the autonomy of the young urban migrants in the choice of life trajectory. However, due to the restriction and guidance of social structure, the actual choice of individual in the seemingly infinite choice field is still limited, so the positive promoting effect on social integration is not significant because of the increase of self-choice space. Second, the rise of young individuals with high mobility has enabled them to have multiple social networks, and as their life paths have changed, their social support networks have become mobile and multifaceted. This is the social integration of young skilled immigrants and the result of adaptation, which is conducive to the young individuals into the unfamiliar social scene of the initial social integration; Third, the historical and cultural background of our country is different from that of the western countries, which makes the rising individual become the "unethical self". On the one hand, it is more inclined to choose "self-niche" to eliminate the pressure of urban integration in the strategy of social integration. On the other hand, most of the new immigrants feel powerless to change the macro structure of the city, causing them to pay more attention to the individual living space and form a sense of "self-responsibility". Thus it presents a state of rapid modernization that tries to stride beyond the politics of liberation and directly pursue the politics of life. To a great extent, such a state is not conducive to promoting and promoting the improvement of the macro environment of the new urban immigrant society.
【學位授予單位】：上海大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：C912.3;C912.1
本文編號：2302574
[Abstract]:This paper mainly uses the theory of "social individualization" to probe into the situation of Chinese urban new immigrants taking root in cities. The theory of social individualization holds that with the development and deepening of the modernization process, the individuals in the society are increasingly separated from the traditional social constraints, that is, "de-embedding" occurs, which in turn makes the social structure change. This paper attempts to examine the social integration of new immigrants in Shanghai from the perspective of social individualization, and focuses on the following three aspects in the process of dialogue with the social individualization theory: first of all, The social individualization theory holds that the rise of Chinese social individuals has given young urban immigrants more room to think about themselves in the choice of their life trajectories. And behind this seemingly free choice lies the structure of the market and the government, which is guided and restricted by the combination of the market and the government. This article would like to further explore whether the free space gained by the rise of individuals plays a positive role in promoting the integration of young skilled immigrants into urban society. Secondly, high social mobility is the important background of the phenomenon of social individualization, and individualization theory holds that young individuals who participate in the mobility will in turn reshape their relationship with social groups and institutions, and promote the change of social system. So to what extent will this reshape affect the social integration of young urban migrants? Finally, due to the historical and cultural differences between China and Western Europe, the rising individuals in Chinese society have often become "unscrupulous selves". Will this influence the social integration strategy of young technologists at what level? And their attitude toward taking root in the city? Based on the empirical study of the young skilled immigrants in Shanghai, this paper draws the following conclusions: first, the rise of social individuals does increase the autonomy of the young urban migrants in the choice of life trajectory. However, due to the restriction and guidance of social structure, the actual choice of individual in the seemingly infinite choice field is still limited, so the positive promoting effect on social integration is not significant because of the increase of self-choice space. Second, the rise of young individuals with high mobility has enabled them to have multiple social networks, and as their life paths have changed, their social support networks have become mobile and multifaceted. This is the social integration of young skilled immigrants and the result of adaptation, which is conducive to the young individuals into the unfamiliar social scene of the initial social integration; Third, the historical and cultural background of our country is different from that of the western countries, which makes the rising individual become the "unethical self". On the one hand, it is more inclined to choose "self-niche" to eliminate the pressure of urban integration in the strategy of social integration. On the other hand, most of the new immigrants feel powerless to change the macro structure of the city, causing them to pay more attention to the individual living space and form a sense of "self-responsibility". Thus it presents a state of rapid modernization that tries to stride beyond the politics of liberation and directly pursue the politics of life. To a great extent, such a state is not conducive to promoting and promoting the improvement of the macro environment of the new urban immigrant society.
【學位授予單位】：上海大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：C912.3;C912.1
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