【摘要】：本文主要運(yùn)用“社會(huì)個(gè)體化”的理論視角來(lái)探討中國(guó)城市新移民扎根城市的狀況。社會(huì)個(gè)體化理論認(rèn)為隨著現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程的展開(kāi)和深化推進(jìn),社會(huì)中的個(gè)體日益從傳統(tǒng)的社會(huì)約束中脫離出來(lái),即發(fā)生“脫嵌”,并反過(guò)來(lái)使社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變。本文嘗試從社會(huì)個(gè)體化的理論視角透視上海城市新移民社會(huì)融入問(wèn)題,并在與社會(huì)個(gè)體化理論的對(duì)話(huà)過(guò)程中,重點(diǎn)關(guān)注以下三個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題:首先,社會(huì)個(gè)體化理論認(rèn)為中國(guó)社會(huì)個(gè)體的崛起,使年輕城市移民在生命軌跡的選擇上有了更多的自我考慮空間,而這看似自由的選擇背后又有著市場(chǎng)和政府合力建構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)和制約存在,據(jù)此,本文想進(jìn)一步探討個(gè)體崛起所獲得的自由空間對(duì)于年輕技術(shù)移民融入城市社會(huì)是否起到正向的促進(jìn)作用?其次,高社會(huì)流動(dòng)性是社會(huì)個(gè)體化現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的重要背景,而個(gè)體化理論認(rèn)為參與了流動(dòng)的年輕個(gè)體會(huì)反過(guò)來(lái)重塑他們與社會(huì)群體和制度的關(guān)系,促進(jìn)社會(huì)制度的改變。那么,這種關(guān)系的重塑會(huì)在多大程度上影響年輕城市移民的社會(huì)融入呢?最后,由于我國(guó)和西歐社會(huì)的歷史文化差別,中國(guó)社會(huì)中崛起的個(gè)體往往都成為了“無(wú)公德的自我”,這又是否會(huì)在哪些層面影響年輕技術(shù)民的社會(huì)融入策略,以及其扎根城市的態(tài)度?通過(guò)對(duì)上海年輕技術(shù)移民群體的實(shí)證研究,本文得出以下結(jié)論:第一,社會(huì)個(gè)體的崛起確實(shí)使得年輕城市移民在生命軌跡選擇上增加了自主性,但由于存在社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的制約和引導(dǎo),個(gè)體在看似無(wú)限寬廣的選擇域里實(shí)際可選擇道路仍然有限,故因自我選擇空間增加而對(duì)社會(huì)融入的正向促進(jìn)作用不顯著;第二,高流動(dòng)性帶來(lái)的年輕個(gè)體的崛起使得他們擁有了多重社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò),隨著其生命軌跡的變遷,其社會(huì)支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)出現(xiàn)了流動(dòng)性和多重性,這是年輕技術(shù)移民社會(huì)融入的途徑和適應(yīng)的結(jié)果,有利于年輕個(gè)體進(jìn)入陌生社會(huì)場(chǎng)景初期的社會(huì)融入;第三,我國(guó)有別于西方國(guó)家的歷史文化背景使得崛起的個(gè)體成為“無(wú)公德的自我”,一方面在社會(huì)融入策略上更傾向于選擇以“自我小生境”來(lái)消解城市融入的壓力,另一方面,新移民們大多對(duì)于改變城市宏觀(guān)制度結(jié)構(gòu)感到無(wú)力,致使其更關(guān)注個(gè)人生存空間而形成一種“自我負(fù)責(zé)”的意識(shí),從而呈現(xiàn)出一種試圖跨越解放政治而直接追尋生活政治的急進(jìn)型現(xiàn)代化的狀態(tài),這樣一種狀態(tài)在很大程度上不利于推動(dòng)和促進(jìn)城市新移民社會(huì)融入宏觀(guān)環(huán)境的改善。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly uses the theory of "social individualization" to probe into the situation of Chinese urban new immigrants taking root in cities. The theory of social individualization holds that with the development and deepening of the modernization process, the individuals in the society are increasingly separated from the traditional social constraints, that is, "de-embedding" occurs, which in turn makes the social structure change. This paper attempts to examine the social integration of new immigrants in Shanghai from the perspective of social individualization, and focuses on the following three aspects in the process of dialogue with the social individualization theory: first of all, The social individualization theory holds that the rise of Chinese social individuals has given young urban immigrants more room to think about themselves in the choice of their life trajectories. And behind this seemingly free choice lies the structure of the market and the government, which is guided and restricted by the combination of the market and the government. This article would like to further explore whether the free space gained by the rise of individuals plays a positive role in promoting the integration of young skilled immigrants into urban society. Secondly, high social mobility is the important background of the phenomenon of social individualization, and individualization theory holds that young individuals who participate in the mobility will in turn reshape their relationship with social groups and institutions, and promote the change of social system. So to what extent will this reshape affect the social integration of young urban migrants? Finally, due to the historical and cultural differences between China and Western Europe, the rising individuals in Chinese society have often become "unscrupulous selves". Will this influence the social integration strategy of young technologists at what level? And their attitude toward taking root in the city? Based on the empirical study of the young skilled immigrants in Shanghai, this paper draws the following conclusions: first, the rise of social individuals does increase the autonomy of the young urban migrants in the choice of life trajectory. However, due to the restriction and guidance of social structure, the actual choice of individual in the seemingly infinite choice field is still limited, so the positive promoting effect on social integration is not significant because of the increase of self-choice space. Second, the rise of young individuals with high mobility has enabled them to have multiple social networks, and as their life paths have changed, their social support networks have become mobile and multifaceted. This is the social integration of young skilled immigrants and the result of adaptation, which is conducive to the young individuals into the unfamiliar social scene of the initial social integration; Third, the historical and cultural background of our country is different from that of the western countries, which makes the rising individual become the "unethical self". On the one hand, it is more inclined to choose "self-niche" to eliminate the pressure of urban integration in the strategy of social integration. On the other hand, most of the new immigrants feel powerless to change the macro structure of the city, causing them to pay more attention to the individual living space and form a sense of "self-responsibility". Thus it presents a state of rapid modernization that tries to stride beyond the politics of liberation and directly pursue the politics of life. To a great extent, such a state is not conducive to promoting and promoting the improvement of the macro environment of the new urban immigrant society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：C912.3;C912.1

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